{"id":979,"date":"2017-03-07T22:00:49","date_gmt":"2017-03-07T19:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=979"},"modified":"2018-11-08T13:54:43","modified_gmt":"2018-11-08T10:54:43","slug":"trocki-biyografisi-4-cilt-gece-ne-kadar-karanliksa-yildizi-o-kadar-parlak-olur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=979","title":{"rendered":"Tro\u00e7ki Biyografisi 4. Cilt: Gece Ne Kadar Karanl\u0131ksa Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 O Kadar Parlak Olur"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tony Cliff’in 4. clitlik Tro\u00e7ki biyografisinin son cildi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131..<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"trocki4_kapak\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Almanya\u2019daki Kas\u0131m 1932 se\u00e7imlerinde Naziler oylar\u0131n sadece y\u00fczde 33\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sosyal Demokrat Parti y\u00fczde 20,4 ve Kom\u00fcnist Parti y\u00fczde 16,9 oya sahipti. Toplamda Nazilerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fczde 37,3 oy vard\u0131. \u0130ki partinin de \u00fcyeleri, Nazileri sokakta durduracak yetene\u011fe ve deneyime sahipti. Hatta Nazilerin oylar\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki se\u00e7ime g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 4 azalm\u0131\u015f; Kom\u00fcnist Parti\u2019nin oylar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki Hitler\u2019i iktidara ta\u015f\u0131yan 1933 se\u00e7imlerinin hemen \u00f6ncesinde Kom\u00fcnist Parti, sosyal demokratlar\u0131 \u201csosyal fa\u015fist\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor ve Hitler ba\u015fbakan olsa bile \u201cHitler\u2019den sonra biz iktidar olaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d diyordu.<\/p>\n

Trajik de\u011fil mi? Ama belki daha da trajik olan, Kom\u00fcnist Parti\u2019nin bu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yani kasap ile \u00e7oban\u0131 ayn\u0131 kefeye koyman\u0131n yaratmakta oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6rmesine kar\u015f\u0131n bunu engelleyebilecek g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan Marksist teorisyen ve devrimci Lev<\/strong> Tro\u00e7ki<\/strong>\u2019nin durumuydu.<\/p>\n

Tarih bize ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir yerden \u00f6\u011frenemeyece\u011fimiz \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli deneyimler sunuyor. Ayn\u0131 felaketleri ya\u015famadan, ayn\u0131 \u00e7ukurlara d\u00fc\u015fmeden yol almak ancak tarihi do\u011fru okumakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Tarihin hangi versiyonu?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

George Orwell<\/strong> k\u00fclt roman\u0131 1984<\/strong>\u2019te \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015fi kontrol eden gelece\u011fi de kontrol eder; bug\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol eden ge\u00e7mi\u015fi de kontrol eder.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Tarih, iktidar\u0131 ellerinde tutanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Hemen her politik tart\u0131\u015fmada at\u0131fta bulunulan bu resmi tarihe g\u00f6re, \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck kalabal\u0131klar, \u2018s\u0131radan insanlar\u2019 en iyi ihtimalle pasif g\u00f6zlemcilerdir ve rolleri genellikle \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z burjuva devrimleri bile sadece y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7indeki hizip sava\u015flar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilir tarihin bu t\u00fcr versiyonlar\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Tarihin yeniden yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131, bug\u00fcn neyin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fine dair fikirlerimizi etkilemektir. \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z devrimlerinde kitlelerin rol\u00fcn\u00fcn ink\u00e2r\u0131, toplumu devrimci d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ikna etme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye de bu genel durumdan muaf de\u011fil elbette. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin resmi tarihindeki efsaneler de benzer bir i\u015flevi yerine getiriyor. Ger\u00e7ek T\u00fcrkiye tarihi, \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi derslerinde kafam\u0131za kaz\u0131nan resmi versiyonundan hem daha heyecanl\u0131, hem daha trajiktir.<\/p>\n

Tarihin, s\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n ve sosyal gruplar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ekonomik-siyasal ya\u015famlar\u0131 ana hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinden nas\u0131l okunabilece\u011finin g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinden birisi Rus Devriminin en \u00f6nemli iki liderinin, Lenin ve Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin, Tony Cliff<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f biyografileridir.<\/p>\n

Tarihten ders ve ilham almam\u0131z\u0131n belki de en gerekli oldu\u011fu \u015fu son zamanlarda toplumsal m\u00fccadeleye kafa yoran her okura tavsiye edebilece\u011fim bu biyografilerin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bas\u0131mlar\u0131 Tro\u00e7ki biyografisinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc cildinin de piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla nihayet tamamland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Karanl\u0131k bir d\u00f6nemde devrimci olmak<\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bas\u0131m\u0131 ilk kez yap\u0131lan kitap, 1917\u2019deki Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin Lenin\u2019den sonraki ikinci lideri olan Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin Tony Cliff<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan biyografisinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son cildi. Daha 26 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken tarihin ilk i\u015f\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin liderlerinden biriydi Tro\u00e7ki. Devrim, 13 i\u015fgalci ordu taraf\u0131ndan tehdit edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 5 milyonluk K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019yu kurup liderlik yapt\u0131. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 halk\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekti\u011fi bitap d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f Rusya\u2019n\u0131n altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yeniden organize etme i\u015fine giri\u015fti. Ne var ki Avrupa\u2019da beklenen devrimler yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131 ve Rusya\u2019daki devrim yaln\u0131z kal\u0131p izole oldu. Sava\u015flar ve a\u00e7l\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n en bilin\u00e7li insanlar\u0131n\u0131 yok etmi\u015f, kalanlar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00fcretimden, i\u015fyerlerinden kopar\u0131p devlet b\u00fcrokrasisinin i\u00e7ine hapsetmi\u015fti. Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin demokratik miras\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirdik\u00e7e devrimin getirdi\u011fi \u00e7o\u011funluk demokrasisinin yerini az\u0131nl\u0131k diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Stalin yeni d\u00f6nemin lideri oldu. Tro\u00e7ki \u00f6nce iktidardan sonra partiden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilip s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. Sonunda da Stalin\u2019in bir ajan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Meksika\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye g\u00f6re, hayat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6nemi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve izolasyon y\u0131llar\u0131yd\u0131. 1930\u2019larda Tro\u00e7ki neredeyse tek ba\u015f\u0131na kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemi hayat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli devresi olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 bundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek devrimci gelene\u011fin savunusunda onun yerini doldurabilecek kimse kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Biyografinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc cildi Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemini konu al\u0131yor. 1930\u2019lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck tarihsel olaylar\u0131, Hitler\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fi, Fransa\u2019daki \u201cHalk Cephesi\u201d deneyimi, \u0130spanyol \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli olaylar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin fikirleri ya\u015fananlar\u0131 anlamam\u0131za \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor.<\/p>\n

Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, otoriter iktidar e\u011filimlerinin ve bazen de fa\u015fist partilerin y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle yeniden kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin 80 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 parlak analizler bize, bu d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde y\u00fckselen gericili\u011fin yeni formlar\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fmek i\u00e7in haz\u0131r re\u00e7eteler sunmuyor elbette. Ancak bunlardan \u00f6\u011frenilecek \u00e7ok \u015fey var.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

http:\/\/t24.com.tr\/yazarlar\/chris-stephenson\/trocki-biyografisinin-surgun-yillari-turkcede-gece-ne-kadar-karanliksa-yildizi-o-kadar-parlak-olur,16722<\/a> adresinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

NOT<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0Kitab\u0131 internet \u00fczerinden indirimli olarak sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in:\u00a0https:\/\/urun.n11.com\/politika-ve-siyaset\/trocki-4-P295410817<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tony Cliff’in 4. clitlik Tro\u00e7ki biyografisinin son cildi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":996,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[15,522,526,524,17,41,10,214,50,43,25,518,523,527,133,517,16,12,8,7,6,13,521,525,520,14,11,21,28,22,211,9,24,519],"class_list":["post-979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kitaplar","tag-15","tag-1933-secimi","tag-2-dunya-savasi","tag-adolf-hitler","tag-bolsevik","tag-chris-stephenson","tag-cliff","tag-devlet-kapitalizmi","tag-devrim","tag-ekonomik-kriz","tag-enternasyonel","tag-halk-cephesi","tag-hitler","tag-ikinci-dunya-savasi","tag-isci-sinifi","tag-ispanyol-devrimi","tag-kizil-ordu","tag-komunizm","tag-lenin","tag-marksizm","tag-marx","tag-marx21","tag-nazi","tag-nazizm","tag-rakovsky","tag-rus-devrimi","tag-sosyalizm","tag-stalin","tag-stalinist","tag-stalinizm","tag-tony-cliff","tag-trocki","tag-trockist","tag-yozlasmis-isci-devleti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=979"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1235,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979\/revisions\/1235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=979"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=979"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}