{"id":933,"date":"2016-01-04T22:54:19","date_gmt":"2016-01-04T20:54:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=933"},"modified":"2017-03-07T22:18:38","modified_gmt":"2017-03-07T19:18:38","slug":"hendekler-ozerk-bolgeler-ve-baris-irlandanin-gercek-dersleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=933","title":{"rendered":"Hendekler, \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeler ve bar\u0131\u015f – \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek dersleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Baz\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k \u0130rlanda\u2019daki bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinden bahseder. \u201c\u0130rlanda\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi silahlar betona g\u00f6m\u00fcls\u00fcn\u201d diyorlar.\u00a0Hepimizin destekleyebilece\u011fi bir istek. Kimse \u00f6lmesin, sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sohbet ederek, gerekirse tart\u0131\u015farak ama siyasal alanda \u00e7\u00f6zelim. Ama h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7evreleri ve onlara destek sa\u011flayan medya mensuplar\u0131, demokrasinin \u201ciyi g\u00fcn dostlar\u0131\u201d dahil, bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n ger\u00e7eklerini g\u00f6rmeyi reddediyorlar.<\/p>\n

\"12509496_10153890721711518_4460118473487929241_web\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n Derry \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgesinin giri\u015finde 46 senedir bu duvar yaz\u0131s\u0131 duruyor: \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr Derry\u2019ye girmektesiniz\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Chris Stephenson<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019da silahlar\u0131n nihai g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131, yeni anayasan\u0131n yasalla\u015fmas\u0131, katolik az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa e\u015fit temsil hakk\u0131n\u0131 garantileyen \u00f6zerk h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulmas\u0131ndan tam 9 sene sonra oldu. Yani kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir g\u00fcven ortam\u0131ndan, bazen de g\u00fcven bunal\u0131mlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir s\u00fcre\u00e7. Ve, kimse kusura bakmas\u0131n Kuzey \u0130rlanda, Britanya\u2019da kalarak\u00a0\u00f6zerk<\/em>\u00a0meclisine ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kavu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Ancak \u00f6nemli olan art\u0131k Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019da bombalar patlam\u0131yor, dini farklar\u0131 nedeniyle topluluklar birbirini \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fcyorlar. Kuzey \u0130rlanda cennet olmad\u0131 ancak cehennemden bir ka\u00e7 ad\u0131m uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. E\u015fitlik ve insan haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi, politik ve sivil alanda, silah kullan\u0131lmadan devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak demokrasinin sadece iyi g\u00fcn dostlar\u0131 \u201cHendekler olmas\u0131n\u201d diye itiraz ediyorlar. \u0130lk sorulacak soru \u015fu, \u201cHendekler kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu bir ger\u00e7ek. \u015eimdi \u00f6neriniz ne? Konu\u015fmak m\u0131? Vurmak m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130rlanda \u00f6rne\u011fini benimsiyorsan\u0131z acaba orada ya\u015fanan 50 senelik deneyimden bir \u015feyler \u00f6\u011frenebilir miyiz?<\/p>\n

Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019da \u00f6nce hendekler kaz\u0131ld\u0131 m\u0131? Kaz\u0131ld\u0131. A\u011fustos 1969\u2019da \u015fahsen Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019daki barikatlar\u0131 ve arkalar\u0131ndaki \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeleri ziyaret etmi\u015ftim. T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in ne \u00e7ok ders vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

60\u2019lar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda tamamen sivil, eski \u0130RA gelene\u011fi ile ba\u011f\u0131 olmayan bir insan haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Katolik n\u00fcfus ne ekonomik alanda ne de siyasal alanda e\u015fit haklara sahipti. \u0130ngiltere destekli Protestan iktidar devlet \u015fiddetiyle bu harekete sald\u0131r\u0131yordu. 1969 ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cHalklar\u0131n Demokrasisi\u201d hareketinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi Belfast \u015fehrinden Derry \u015fehrine giden y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe polis e\u015fli\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p>\n

Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 ve sald\u0131r\u0131ya olan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ve devletin deste\u011fi Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019daki m\u00fccadelenin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flayan k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m oldu. A\u011fustos 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda Derry \u015fehrinde Katolik mahallelere polis ve protestan militanlar sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Belfast \u015fehrinde Derry\u2019deki isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Kuzey \u0130rlanda polisi z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7larla mahalleleri tarayarak sivilleri evlerinde \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Polisin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 Derry ve Belfast ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere birka\u00e7 \u015fehirde \u201c\u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeler\u201d olu\u015ftu. Halk bu b\u00f6lgelere polisi ve sonradan gelen \u0130ngiltere askerlerini sokmuyordu.<\/p>\n

Halk polisi ve devlet g\u00fc\u00e7lerini bu b\u00f6lgelerden kovdu. Y\u00fcksek barikatlar kuruluyordu. Derry ve Belfast\u2019ta \u00f6zerk radyo istasyonlar\u0131 kuruldu. Cumhuriyet\u00e7i (yani G\u00fcney \u0130rlanda devletine ait) bayrak \u201cFree Belfast\u201d ve \u201cFree Derry\u201d\u00a0 mahalleleri \u00fczerinde dalgalan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zerk b\u00f6lgeler devletin Protestan taraftar\u0131 politikas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc. Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli politik etkisi de, devlet \u015fiddetine kar\u015f\u0131 Katolik halk bar\u0131\u015fc\u0131l, siyasi m\u00fccadeleye olan inanc\u0131n\u0131 yitirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130RA – I Ran Away\u201d<\/h3>\n

\u201cI Ran Away\u201d yani \u0130RA\u2019n\u0131n ismini \u201cka\u00e7t\u0131m\u201d c\u00fcmlesine benzeten slogan Belfast duvarlar\u0131na boyand\u0131. \u015eahsen o slogan\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Halk, silahlar\u0131 ve silahl\u0131 tepkisini yetersiz buldu\u011fu \u0130RA\u2019y\u0131 ele\u015ftiriyordu. Bu bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda k\u0131sa zaman i\u00e7inde \u0130RA b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. \u201cResmi\u201d \u201cOfficial \u0130RA\u201d ya kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veren \u201cProvisional IRA\u201d, yani bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz \u0130RA kuruldu.<\/p>\n

Neredeyse 40 senelik Kuzey \u0130rlanda silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi b\u00f6yle ba\u015flad\u0131. Daha do\u011frusu ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Britanya devleti insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mayarak, Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019da mezhepsel iktidara destek vererek, halk\u0131 \u015fiddete zorlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zerk b\u00f6lgelerin kaderi<\/h3>\n

Derry ve Belfast\u2019taki \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeler varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 3 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebildiler. Britanya devleti taraf\u0131ndan \u201cNo Go\u201d olarak bilinen, yani devletin g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin giremedi\u011fi mahalleler, \u201cOperation Motorman\u201d isimli harekatla bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar. Barikatlar kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Devlet g\u00fc\u00e7leri mahallelere girdi. Ancak m\u00fccadele bitmedi. Tam tersi \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeleri elinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f halk silaha zorland\u0131. 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130RA 100\u2019den fazla Britanyal\u0131 asker \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc, 1300 bombal\u0131 eylem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Yani \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgelerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015fa yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Bar\u0131\u015f Giri\u015fimi: Sunningdale<\/h3>\n

Ekim 1973\u2019te Kuzey \u0130rlanda i\u00e7in \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7 payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131\u201d yeni bir anayasal d\u00fczen \u00f6nerildi. \u201cSunningdale Agreement\u201d mevcut Kuzey \u0130rlanda anayasas\u0131na birka\u00e7 noktada \u00e7ok benziyordu. Ama etraf\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, tav\u0131rlar ve samimiyet ortam\u0131 farkl\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6zerk b\u00f6lgelere yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sald\u0131r\u0131 bunun i\u015faretlerinden biriydi.\u00a0 Bu y\u00fczden tam 25 sene sonra 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u201cGood Friday Agreement\u201d bazen \u201cyava\u015f \u00f6\u011frenenler \u00e7in\u00a0 Sunningdale\u201d diye tarif ediliyordu. O ge\u00e7en 25 senede binlerce ki\u015fi \u0130rlanda ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Yava\u015f \u00f6\u011frenmenin bedeli a\u011f\u0131r olabilir.<\/p>\n

1998 anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka bir makalede yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u015eu \u00f6zelliklerini tekrar etmem yeterli olacakt\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7 payla\u015fan bir anayasa yarat\u0131ld\u0131 -patlay\u0131c\u0131 bulundurmaktan hapiste yatm\u0131\u015f bir \u0130RA \u00fcyesi Martin McGuiness\u2019in e\u015fba\u015fbakan olabildi\u011fi bir anayasal d\u00fczen. Yine de bu d\u00fczen kurulduktan sonra me\u015fhur silahlar\u0131n betona g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi ancak a\u015fama a\u015fama ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130RA\u2019n\u0131n nihai silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleden vazge\u00e7i\u015finin ilan\u0131 tam dokuz sene sonra idi. Yani samimiyseniz bar\u0131\u015f sab\u0131r i\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

25 senelik kay\u0131p<\/h3>\n

Kuzey \u0130rlanda 25 sene kaybetti. \u0130RA\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu mahallelerde sadece devlete olan nefreti artt\u0131rmaya yarayan kalekollar in\u015fa edildi. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de devlet s\u0131rr\u0131 olan belgeler 30 sene sonra a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eimdi Margaret Thatcher\u2019\u0131n \u0130RA\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcney \u0130rlanda\u2019daki \u00fcss\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Louth ve Dundalk kasabalar\u0131n\u0131 havadan bombalamay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f oluyoruz. \u0130ngiliz devletindeki daha ak\u0131ll\u0131 sesler buna izin vermedi. O kafa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc getiremedi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zerk b\u00f6lgelerde \u015fimdi<\/h3>\n

Derry\u2019deki \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgenin kendisine ait bir m\u00fczesi var. Orada verilen demokrasi m\u00fccadelesini onurland\u0131ran bir m\u00fcze.\u00a0 Giri\u015f 3 pound, i\u015fsizler, \u00e7ocuklar ve \u00f6\u011frenciler iki pound. Pop\u00fcler bir\u00a0m\u00fcze<\/a>…<\/p>\n

Yeni \u015eafak Ankara Temsilcisi Abd\u00fclkadir Selvi\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u201cDevlet operasyon yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerden \u00e7ekilmeyecek. \u015eehir i\u00e7lerine kalekollar kurulacak\u201d. Yani \u0130rlanda\u2019daki hatalar\u0131 tekrarlamak istiyorlar. 25 sene mi s\u00fcrer yoksa 30 sene mi bilmem.<\/p>\n

Ancak \u201cfast forward\u201d d\u00fc\u011fmesine basarak, m\u00fczakere ederek, bar\u0131\u015f sa\u011flayarak, \u015fimdiden bizim \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgelerde benzer m\u00fczeler kurmakla yol a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Ne dersiniz? Olmaz m\u0131?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

http:\/\/t24.com.tr\/yazarlar\/chris-stephenson\/hendekler-ozerk-bolgeler-ve-baris–irlandanin-gercek-dersleri,13594 adresinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Baz\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k \u0130rlanda\u2019daki bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinden bahseder. \u201c\u0130rlanda\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi silahlar betona g\u00f6m\u00fcls\u00fcn\u201d diyorlar.\u00a0Hepimizin destekleyebilece\u011fi bir istek. Kimse \u00f6lmesin, sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sohbet ederek, gerekirse tart\u0131\u015farak ama siyasal alanda \u00e7\u00f6zelim. Ama h\u00fck\u00fcmet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[300,17,41,50,58,38,35,497,496,12,86,7,6,13,11,57,9,24],"class_list":["post-933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","tag-baris","tag-bolsevik","tag-chris-stephenson","tag-devrim","tag-erdogan","tag-halklarin-demokratik-partisi","tag-hdp","tag-hendek","tag-irlanda","tag-komunizm","tag-kurt-sorunu","tag-marksizm","tag-marx","tag-marx21","tag-sosyalizm","tag-tayyip","tag-trocki","tag-trockist"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=933"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":936,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933\/revisions\/936"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}