![\"TimeForPeace\"](\"http:\/\/marx-21.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/TimeForPeace.jpg\")
<\/a>Foto:\u00a0http:\/\/study-abroad-blog-belfast-scp.ciee.org\/2011\/02\/index.html<\/em><\/p>\nChris Stephenson<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019daki \u0130rlanda Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Ordusu (IRA) b\u00fct\u00fcn silahlar\u0131n\u0131 betona g\u00f6md\u00fc. Ba\u015fbakan Davuto\u011flu da Ak Parti\u2019nin \u00e7akma Newroz t\u00f6reninde benzer s\u00f6zler tekrarlad\u0131: \u201cSilahlar\u0131 topra\u011fa g\u00f6melim\u201d.<\/p>\n Hepimiz silahlar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fclmesini isteriz. Ama nas\u0131l?<\/p>\n Elbette 400 senelik tarihe sahip \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n sorunlar\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye K\u00fcrtleri\u2019nin tarihi birbirinden farkl\u0131. Ancak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda \u201cIRA silahlar\u0131n\u0131 betona g\u00f6md\u00fc, sizin neyiniz eksik?\u201d diyen bir devlet varsa IRA\u2019n\u0131n silahlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda betona g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funa bakmakta fayda var.<\/p>\n \u0130rlanda\u2019daki son \u201cThe Troubles\u201d yani \u201cSorunlar\u201d d\u00f6nemi 1966-1967 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan \u201cCivil Rights Movement\u201d isimli bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir demokratik haklar m\u00fccadelesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Devlet ve devlet taraftar\u0131 silahl\u0131 gruplar bu bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l harekete b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fiddet uygulayarak cevap verdi. Bunun sonucunda IRA 1971\u2019de silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 27 senelik bir silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6nemi sonunda do\u011frudan bir m\u00fczakere neticesinde 1998 Paskalya arifesinde bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131: \u201cGood Friday Agreement\u201d yani \u201cPaskalya Arifesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d.\u00a0 Anla\u015fman\u0131n taraflar\u0131 Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019daki silahl\u0131 gruplar ve politik partiler, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve \u0130rlanda Cumhuriyeti h\u00fck\u00fcmetiydi. Bu anla\u015fmayla Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019da yeni bir anayasa olu\u015fturulup referanduma sunuldu. Yeni anayasadaki baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli maddeler \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n 1. Yeni, \u00f6zerk bir Kuzey \u0130rlanda meclisi kurulmas\u0131,<\/p>\n 2. Yeni, \u00f6zerk bir Kuzey \u0130rlanda h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmas\u0131,<\/p>\n 3. Yeni Kuzey \u0130rlanda h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7 payla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131\u201d olmas\u0131; yani h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n partilerin meclisteki temsiliyet oran\u0131na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n 4. Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019ya B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya devletinden referandumla ayr\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131,<\/p>\n 5. Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n Britanya\u2019da kalma ya da Britanya\u2019dan ayr\u0131lma iste\u011finin e\u015fit derecede me\u015fru g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler olarak kabul edilmesi; yani \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcnme hakk\u0131na anayasal garanti\u201d.<\/p>\n 6. Devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn kurumlar\u0131nda \u201c\u0131rk, din ve mezhep ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve devletin her kesime e\u015fit muamelesini\u201d anayasal bir g\u00f6rev olarak belirlenmesi.<\/p>\n 1998 anla\u015fmas\u0131 silahs\u0131zlanma s\u00fcrecini de belirledi:<\/p>\n (a) Silahl\u0131 taraflar silahlar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak \u201ckullan\u0131lmaz\u201d hale getireceklerdi; B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya devleti de emniyet g\u00fc\u00e7lerini \u201cnormal\u201d seviyesine indirecek, \u00f6zel karakollar\u0131 kald\u0131racak, askerlerini Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019dan geri \u00e7ekerek ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele kararnamelerini iptal edecekti. Sadece IRA ve Britanya yanl\u0131s\u0131 Protestan silahl\u0131 gruplar de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda devlet de bir d\u00fczeyde silahs\u0131zlanacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n (b) \u201cTer\u00f6r\u201dden mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n Silahs\u0131zlanma bu \u015fartlara ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 ve tek tarafl\u0131 da de\u011fildi. Devlet de silahs\u0131zlanmaya kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Yeni anayasa, anla\u015fmadan 2 ay sonra referandumla kabul edildi. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde bu s\u00fcreci garantileyecek \u0130rlanda Cumhuriyeti anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, \u0130rlanda Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde yap\u0131lan bir referandumla kabul edildi.<\/p>\n Yeni anayasa kabul edildi, ama silahlar hemen g\u00f6m\u00fclmedi. Anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re silahlar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Ama yeterli g\u00fcven hen\u00fcz olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Britanya yanl\u0131s\u0131 silahl\u0131 Protestan gruplar silahlar\u0131na veda etme e\u011filiminde de\u011fildi. Yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bile\u015fimi konusunda, \u00f6zellikle Kuzey \u0130rlanda emniyet g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin olu\u015fumu ve kontrol edilmesi konusunda\u00a0 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 itibar\u0131yla IRA silahlar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fclmesini erteledi. Silahlar\u0131n ilk k\u0131sm\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 bir izleme heyeti huzurunda 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda betona g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. Ondan sonra g\u00fcven artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131mlar beklendi<\/p>\n 2002 ve 2004\u2019te yine izleme heyeti huzurunda iki taksit daha betona g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. Nihayet 2005\u2019te IRA resmi bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Yani 1998 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden tam 7 sene sonra.<\/p>\n Yine de Britanya yanl\u0131lar\u0131 silahlar\u0131ndan hala vazge\u00e7mediler ve Kuzey \u0130rlanda \u00f6zerk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ask\u0131ya al\u0131nd\u0131. S\u00fcre\u00e7 ilerleyi\u015fi p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz de\u011fildi. Ancak 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda Britanya yanl\u0131s\u0131 Protestanlar ortak bir payla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmette yer almay\u0131 kabul ettiler. Silahlar\u0131n\u0131 ise 2009 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ellerinde tutmaya devam ettiler. Kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmette ba\u015fbakan Britanya yanl\u0131s\u0131 Protestanlardan\u2019d\u0131, yan\u0131nda resmi stat\u00fcs\u00fc ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olan, ama ba\u015fbakan ile ayn\u0131 yetkilere sahip bir t\u00fcr e\u015fba\u015fbakan vard\u0131. Bu koltukta oturan Martin McGuiness IRA Genelkurmay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n eski bir mensubu. Gen\u00e7ken silah ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 bulundurmaktan mahkum olmu\u015f biri. Yani \u0130rlanda\u2019yla benzetme yapacaksak e\u011fer, McGuiness\u2019in o makama oturmas\u0131, Cemil Bay\u0131k\u2019\u0131n \u00d6zerk G\u00fcneydo\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin esba\u015fbakan\u0131 olmas\u0131yla ayn\u0131 \u015feydir.<\/p>\n Paskalya Arifesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan ortak h\u00fck\u00fcmetin nihai kurulu\u015funa kadar 9 sene ge\u00e7ti. S\u00fcre\u00e7 hep krizlerle ilerledi. Derin yaralar varken, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte katliamlar yapm\u0131\u015f ya da katliamlara g\u00f6z yummu\u015f devletin emniyet g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin reformu ve kontrol\u00fc kritik bir \u00f6neme sahip oldu.<\/p>\n S\u00fcre\u00e7 de bitmedi; hala eski nefretleri ve g\u00fcvensizlikleri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar var.<\/p>\n 1998 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fu anda T\u00fcrkiye devletinin masaya koymaya haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinin kat etmesi gereken uzun bir yolun oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. Yine de \u0130rlanda\u2019daki anla\u015fman\u0131n bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan olumsuz yanlar\u0131 da var:<\/p>\n a) \u201cYukar\u0131dan\u201d bir anla\u015fma oldu\u011fundan Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n iki halk\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirmek yerine, meclis ve h\u00fck\u00fcmette Protestan-Katolik ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n b) Kurulan \u00f6zerk h\u00fck\u00fcmet Britanya h\u00fck\u00fcmetin verdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00e7e ve uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 neoliberal politikalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde hareket etmek zorunda. Bu y\u00fczden Kuzey \u0130rlanda\u2019daki yoksulluk ve i\u015fsizlik sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getiremiyor.<\/p>\n Yoksulluk devam ettik\u00e7e halklar\u0131 birbirine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ve eski nefretleri g\u00fcndemde tutmak baz\u0131 politikac\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fine geliyor.<\/p>\n Silahlar sustu. Art\u0131k halklar\u0131 birle\u015ftirip yoksullu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 ortak bir ekonomik m\u00fccadele ba\u015flatmak gerekiyor. Silahlar\u0131n susmas\u0131 birle\u015fik m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6nemli bir engelin ortadan kalkmas\u0131 demek ama bu m\u00fccadelenin bitti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmiyor.<\/p>\n H\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u201csilahlar\u0131 g\u00f6m\u00fcn\u201d propagandas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek bir bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreciyle alakas\u0131 yoktur. Herkese demokratik de\u011fi\u015fim ve haklar\u0131 getiren de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmadan bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinden bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n Ama bar\u0131\u015f sadece bir anla\u015fmadan ibaret de\u011fil. \u0130ktisadi ve sosyal adalet getirmeyen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 kal\u0131c\u0131 bir bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na almaz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Chris Stephenson yazd\u0131: \u0130rlanda S\u00fcrecine H\u0131zl\u0131 Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":839,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[427,429,41,424,50,25,58,38,35,422,86,428,7,6,13,423,425,11,57,9,24,426],"class_list":["post-838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","tag-the-troubles","tag-1998-paskalya-anlasmasi","tag-chris-stephenson","tag-davutoglu","tag-devrim","tag-enternasyonel","tag-erdogan","tag-halklarin-demokratik-partisi","tag-hdp","tag-ira","tag-kurt-sorunu","tag-kuzey-irlanda","tag-marksizm","tag-marx","tag-marx21","tag-rte","tag-silahlarin-betona-gomulmesi","tag-sosyalizm","tag-tayyip","tag-trocki","tag-trockist","tag-troubles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=838"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":991,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions\/991"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Silahlar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi \u00f6ncesi<\/h1>\n
Silahlar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi<\/h1>\n
Silahlar g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra<\/h1>\n
Bar\u0131\u015f bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir<\/h1>\n
Bar\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/h1>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h1>\n