{"id":1911,"date":"2021-04-01T20:34:50","date_gmt":"2021-04-01T17:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=1911"},"modified":"2021-04-01T20:40:07","modified_gmt":"2021-04-01T17:40:07","slug":"felaket-esigi-mi-otesi-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=1911","title":{"rendered":"Felaket e\u015fi\u011fi mi, \u00f6tesi mi?!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sibel \u00d6zbudun<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Art\u0131k anla\u015f\u0131lacak hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her \u015fey anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.(1)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Eleal\u0131 Zenon\u2019un, \u201cYa\u015fam\u0131n amac\u0131 do\u011fa ile uzla\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015famakt\u0131r\u201d; Fyodor Dostoyevski\u2019nin, \u201cDo\u011faya kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7un \u00f6c\u00fc, insan adaletinden daha zorlu olur\u201d uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n es ge\u00e7ilmesiyledir ki, Hubert Reeves\u2019in, \u201cDo\u011fa ile sava\u015f h\u00e2lindeyiz. E\u011fer kazan\u0131rsak, kaybedece\u011fiz\u201d diye betimledi\u011fi ufka eri\u015ftik\u2026 Buras\u0131 Thomas Stearns Eliot\u2019un, \u201cBu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir patlamayla de\u011fil bir inlemeyle sona eri\u015fidir\u201d ifadesiyle m\u00fcsemma ekolojik felaket e\u015fi\u011fidir\u2026 Cehenneme ho\u015f geldiniz!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hay\u0131r, hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin abart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcll\u00fc Joseph E. Stiglitz\u2019ten eski BM S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Jeffrey D. Sachs\u2019a kadar bir\u00e7ok \u00fcniversiteden 100 \u00f6nemli ekonomistin ortak mektubu; \u201cKarbon ekonomisine son vermeliyiz\u2026 Mahsul ve su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava ko\u015fullar\u0131, zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 ve salg\u0131nlar gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sorunlar, \u0131s\u0131nan bir d\u00fcnyada daha h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyor\u201d(2) diyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u2018H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli\u2019nin (IPCC) Ekim 2018 raporunun bir kez daha ortaya koydu\u011fu gibi, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 sanayi \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemlere k\u0131yasla 1.5 derecenin alt\u0131nda tutabilecek radikal \u00f6nlemleri hayata ge\u00e7irebilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde sadece 12 y\u0131l kald\u0131. Daha \u00f6nce k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n 1.5 dereceyi a\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ada devletlerinin sular alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilirken, bulgular 2 derecelik bir y\u00fckselmenin kurakl\u0131k, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131caklar, deniz seviyesinde y\u00fckselme, beklenmedik hava olaylar\u0131, baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin yok olmas\u0131 gibi y\u00fcz milyonlarca insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 cehenneme \u00e7evirecek sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca IPCC\u2019nin \u2018D\u00fcnya Kaynaklar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\/ World Resources Institute\u2019 ile ortak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u011fustos 2019 tarihli rapor da iklim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin topraklar\u0131n tar\u0131m altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 destekleme kabiliyetini zay\u0131flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun da h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda 821 milyon ki\u015finin a\u00e7l\u0131k tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011funu vurguluyor. 3.2 milyar ki\u015finin de \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131llarda erozyon, sel, \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme, kontrol edilemeyen yang\u0131nlar, kas\u0131rgalar ve siklonlarla bo\u011fu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcresel iklim krizinin ba\u015fta gelen nedeni, do\u011faya karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndaki s\u0131\u00e7rama. \u015eu anda y\u0131ll\u0131k emisyon 32 milyar ton kabul ediliyor. Bu felaket \u00e7anlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, iklim bilincinin y\u00fckselmeye y\u00fcz tuttu\u011fu 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda bile 23 milyar tondu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 70\u2019inin k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol, do\u011fal gaz kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu biliniyor. Bu da ekosferin dengesini bozuyor, ya\u015fam\u0131 destekleyen ekolojik yap\u0131n\u0131n hasar g\u00f6rmesine neden oluyor. Antroposen kavram\u0131 da, insan\u0131n gezegen \u00fczerindeki etkisinin geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi zor bir a\u015famaya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor.(3) Antroposen, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n jeolojik zamanlar\u0131na g\u00f6nderme yapan bir kavram. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, jeolojik olarak, Senozoik Zaman\u2019\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00f6nemi olan Kuvaterner\u2019in Holosen olarak bilinen devresinde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz 11 bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir. 2016\u2019dan bu yana, Uluslararas\u0131 Stratigrafi Komisyonu (ICS) b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u201cAntroposen \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u201d (AWG), 2016 A\u011fustos\u2019unda Uluslararas\u0131 Jeoloji Kongresi\u2019ne Holosen\u2019in sona erip Antroposen devresinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair emarelerin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131na de\u011fin bir \u00f6neri sundu. AWG \u201cAntroposen\u201din resmen kabul\u00fcn\u00fc Uluslararas\u0131 Stratigrafi Komisyonu\u2019na 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6nerme karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Kavram\u0131n jeoloji ve paleontoloji \u00e7evrelerinde kabul\u00fc uzun zaman s\u00fcrebilir. Ancak \u201cAntroposen\u201d kavram\u0131 art\u0131k bir komisyonun \u00f6nerileriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, \u201cd\u00fcnya h\u00e2li\u201d \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu ekolojik tehditler \u00fczerine kafa yoran intelligentsia taraf\u0131ndan benimsendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AWG \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde insan imalat\u0131 bir \u00e7evrenin ba\u015fatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen Antroposen\u2019in ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir tarihe, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na yerle\u015ftirme konusunda uzla\u015f\u0131yor. Ian Angus\u2019un deyi\u015fiyle, \u201c2018\u2019deki bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sadece \u0130ngiltere\u2019de bulunan ve i\u00e7inde uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc ve ard\u0131nda hemen tan\u0131nabilir izler b\u0131rakan radyoaktif at\u0131k, plastik, fosil yak\u0131t kaynakl\u0131 k\u00fcl, beton ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasal kirletici bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u2018Antroposen tabakalar\u0131\u2019na ait bir dizi \u00f6rne\u011fi ele ald\u0131. Bu maddeler 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nce ya \u00e7ok az bulunan ya da hi\u00e7 bulunmayan maddelerdi ve bunlar\u0131n hepsi o tarihten itibaren yayg\u0131nca birikiyor.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, yery\u00fcz\u00fc, tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u00e2len hayatta oldu\u011fu kadar yak\u0131n bir zaman \u00f6nce, yeni bir jeolojik devreye girdi. Bu kez do\u011fal evrimin de\u011fil, kapitalizmin s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131mayan k\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131n sonucu olan bir durum\u2026 Amerikan Co\u011frafya Birli\u011fi\u2019nin bir \u00fcyesinin belirtti\u011fi gibi, \u201cYa\u015fam\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini sa\u011flayan destek sistemleri \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lar; d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusundaki art\u0131\u015f, end\u00fcstriyel faaliyetler, at\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnler, kirlenme, kaynaklar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6lgesel iklim de\u011fi\u015fimlerindeki uzun s\u00fcreli e\u011filimler sebebiyle giderek artan bir h\u0131z kazand\u0131\u2026<\/em>\u201d (ss.40-41)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu (son derece) acil ve yak\u0131c\u0131 soru(n)lara ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\/ yan\u0131tlar, \u201cBu kitab\u0131 d\u00fcnya sistemi bilimi ile ekososyalizm aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in yazd\u0131m; amac\u0131m, Antroposen\u2019i anlaman\u0131n gereklili\u011fini sosyalistlere, ekolojik Marksizmi anlaman\u0131n gereklili\u011fini d\u00fcnya sistemi bilim insanlar\u0131na g\u00f6stermekt,<\/em>\u201d diyen Ian Angus\u2019un, \u2018Antroposen\u2019le Y\u00fczle\u015fmek-Fosil Kapitalizm ve D\u00fcnya Sisteminin Krizi\u2019(4) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bask\u0131ya \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u201cAntroposen bilimi t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0131 su\u00e7luyor?<\/em>\u201d sorusunu, net bi\u00e7imde \u201cAntroposen\u2019den sorumlu olanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zengin \u00fclkelerdeki sanayi kapitalistleridir; \u2018insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geneli\u2019 de\u011fil<\/em>\u201d bi\u00e7iminde yan\u0131tlayan yazar ekliyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSonu\u00e7 olarak Marx\u2019\u0131n ‘sosyal metabolizman\u0131n birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde onar\u0131lamaz yar\u0131k<\/em>‘ olarak tarif etti\u011fi \u015fey, bug\u00fcn birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fcresel yar\u0131klar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2line geldi.\u201d (s.9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ula\u015f\u0131lan noktan\u0131n tarifi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu saptaman\u0131n \u00f6nemi ya\u015famsal. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc John Bellamy Foster\u2019in Ocak 2016\u2019da yap\u0131t i\u00e7in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ns\u00f6zde ifade etti\u011fi \u00fczeredir her \u015fey: \u201cBug\u00fcn bizim \u2018yanan evimizi\u2019 olu\u015fturan \u015fey, kapitalizm ve onun \u00fcretti\u011fi yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fcresel \u00e7evre anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d (s.17)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylesi bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u201cAntroposen Ne Zaman Ba\u015flad\u0131?\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(s.63) sorusunu cevaplayan yap\u0131t; \u201cGelecek \u0130\u00e7in Rehber Olarak Ge\u00e7mi\u015f\u201di, \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f iklimi ve \u00e7evresi ile ilgili niteliksel bir kavray\u0131\u015f sa\u011flayan \u2018Ge\u00e7mi\u015f K\u00fcresel De\u011fi\u015fimler Projesi (PAGES)\u201d \u00fczerinden (s.76) irdeleyip; art\u0131k \u00e7\u0131plak duyular\u0131m\u0131zla alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iklim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinde temay\u00fcz eden \u201cTa\u015fma Noktalar\u0131 (Kritik E\u015fikler)\u201d (s.81) denilen momentlere dikkat \u00e7ekiyor ki, bu da \u201c\u0130klim Kaosu\u201dnu (s.84) g\u00fcndem maddesi k\u0131l\u0131yor: \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinde tar\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan Holosen\u2019in g\u00f6reli istikrarl\u0131 iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden alabora olu\u015fu\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Bloss, \u201cEn b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunumuz iklim krizi olacak\u201d(5) derken; \u2018D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (WHO) raporu da insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit eden 10 sorunun ba\u015f\u0131nda iklim de\u011fi\u015fimi ile hava kirlili\u011finin geldi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.(6)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Nature ve Nature Geoscience\u2019ta yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerinin, h\u0131z ve yayg\u0131nl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son 2 bin y\u0131lda ya\u015fanan en b\u00fcy\u00fck iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.(7) \u2018Science\u2019 dergisindeki bir analiz, okyanuslar\u0131n 5 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki BM raporunda yer alan tahminlerden y\u00fczde 40 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.(8) Leeds ve Edinburgh \u00dcniversiteleri ile University College London\u2019un ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde 30 y\u0131ldan k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede (1994\u2019den beri) toplam 28 trilyon ton buzul eridi.(9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPCC \u2018Okyanus ve Kriyosfer \u00d6zel Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re, \u201cSu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131yor, oksijen seviyesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, ya\u015fam yok oluyor.\u201d(10) Sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131 topraklara e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f zararlar verirken g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini de tehdit ediyor. Araziler, devasa ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez talepleri kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilirse iklim krizini \u00f6nlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacak.(11) \u2018D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u2018K\u00fcresel \u0130klim Durumu\u2019 raporunda, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu do\u011fal afetlerin 2018\u2019de 62 milyon ki\u015fiyi etkiledi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.(12)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zetle hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 sabit bir y\u00fckseli\u015fte devam ederken, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ise t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle dahi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir h\u00e2le geldi. D\u00fcnyadaki bir\u00e7ok buzul k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma sonucu h\u0131zla eriyor. Bilim insanlar\u0131 deniz seviyesinin 1.8 metre y\u00fckselme riski nedeniyle 2100 y\u0131l\u0131nda 13 milyondan fazla insan\u0131n evsiz kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.(13)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde kapitalizmin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fimi ya\u015fam\u0131 sona yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. BM\u2019ye g\u00f6re, 2020\u2019de iklimsel etkenler ve sava\u015flar nedeniyle d\u00fcnya genelinde yar\u0131s\u0131 Afrika\u2019da olmak \u00fczere 170 milyona yak\u0131n ki\u015fiye insani yard\u0131m ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekece\u011fi belirtildi.(14)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 Grubu\u2019nun raporuna g\u00f6re, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan etkileri yo\u011fun n\u00fcfuslu \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lgede 2050\u2019ye kadar 140 milyon ki\u015finin kendi \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesine neden olarak bir insani krize yol a\u00e7abilir. Sebep: Su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, mahsul k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, deniz seviyelerinin y\u00fckselmesi ve f\u0131rt\u0131nalar.(15)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zetin \u00f6zeti: BM insan haklar\u0131 ve yoksulluk raport\u00f6r\u00fc Philip Alston, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n temel insan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na verece\u011fi zarar\u0131n demokrasiyi tehlikeye ataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131fsal ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekip, \u201cYoksul b\u00f6lgeler karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sadece y\u00fczde 10\u2019unu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi h\u00e2lde krizin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 75\u2019ini s\u0131rtlayacak\u201d(16) uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dillendiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam da bu noktada \u201c\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fiminin kapitalizmle ba\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/em>\u201d sorusuna, Dr. Gaye Y\u0131lmaz\u2019\u0131n, \u201cKapitalist toplumun \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi\u011fi meta \u00fcretimine dayal\u0131 sistemin ekosistem \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcz y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 anlatmam\u201d(17) yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msa(t)mak; \u201cYeni (ve \u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl) Bir \u0130klim Rejimi\u201d (s.109) ile \u201cSermayenin Zaman\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Do\u011fan\u0131n Zaman\u0131\u201d (s.135) b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini kavramak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet orta yerde bir \u201c\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi de\u011fil, iklim krizi\u201d s\u00f6z konusu ve bunun da sorumlusu s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizm!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kabaca 1850\u2019den itibaren s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen g\u00f6zlemler, Sanayi Devrimi’nden bu yana, gezegenimizin yery\u00fcz\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 0.9 ile 1.2 santigrat derece artm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belgeliyor. Veriler ve bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, s\u00f6z konusu \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n gezegenimizin do\u011fal evrensel d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sistemince yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f antropojenik bir olgu oldu\u011funu vurguluyor. Gezegenimizin yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki \u0131s\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda yatan en \u00f6nemli etkenin, sera gazlar\u0131 diye tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z karbondioksit, k\u00fck\u00fcrt ve metan gazlar\u0131n\u0131n atmosferde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131k bilinen bir ger\u00e7ek. Hesaplamalar, s\u00f6z konusu gazlar\u0131n gezegenimizin atmosferindeki yo\u011funlu\u011funun Sanayi Devrimi’ne de\u011fin her milyon par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131na CO2 yo\u011funlu\u011fu ortalamas\u0131 200 (ppm) iken bu rakam\u0131n \u00f6zellikle 1950\u2019lerden sonra h\u0131zla ivmelendi\u011fi ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 450 ppm d\u00fczeyini a\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu vurguluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, e\u011fer tedbir al\u0131nmaz ise sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n bu bi\u00e7imde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda yerk\u00fcremizin \u0131s\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n 4 ila 8 dereceye ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen su, toprak ve hava kirlili\u011fi ile birlikte gezegenimizde art\u0131k insan ya\u015fam\u0131na uygun ortam\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fclemez bi\u00e7imde tahrip edilmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamakta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan ya\u015fam\u0131yla birlikte, gezegenimizde mevcut t\u00fcm bitki ve hayvan, canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin y\u00fczde 70\u2019inin yok olma tehdidi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu bilinmekte. Is\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla birlikte kurakl\u0131k ve a\u00e7l\u0131k tehdidinin dayan\u0131lmaz boyutlara ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131, yepyeni bakteri ve parazitlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile birlikte tar\u0131msal verimin d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi, sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetlenece\u011fi ve gezegenimizde ekolojik bir k\u0131r\u0131m ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, diyorum ya, art\u0131k tehdit sadece bir iklim \u201cde\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi\u201d olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya \u201ciklim krizine\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130klim krizi, bir yandan da bir iklim adaletsizli\u011fi ve k\u00fcresel emperyalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sorunu olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda durmaktad\u0131r.(18)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ian Angus\u2019un yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenin ideologlar\u0131n\u0131n kapitalizmin do\u011fas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7arp\u0131tmalar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cYanl\u0131\u015f Bir \u0130deoloji Taraf\u0131ndan m\u0131 Ba\u015ftan \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yoruz?\u201d (s.136); karbon ve azot dengesinin kapitalist \u00fcretimin zoruyla bozulmas\u0131n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fc dengelerini nas\u0131l alt\u00fcst etti\u011fini tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cK\u00fcresel Metabolik Yar\u0131klar: Karbon ve Azot\u201d (s.148); buhar g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn (k\u00f6m\u00fcr kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131yla) devreye girmesinin k\u00fcresel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 irdeledi\u011fi \u201cK\u00f6m\u00fcr, Buhar ve Sermaye\u201d (s.153); s\u0131nai kapitalizmin tetikledi\u011fi emperyal hevesleri ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cPetrol, \u0130mparatorluk ve Sava\u015f\u201d (s.155); ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u201cotomobil cehennemi\u201dni \u00e7evresel y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131yla birlikte ele alan \u201cOtomobilizasyon\u201d (s.157); kapitalizmin militarizasyonunu ekolojik tahribat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele alan \u201cSava\u015ftan Elde Edilen K\u00e2rlar\u201d (s163); \u201cAskeri Kirlilik\u201d (s.190) vd. b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u201cToplumsal metabolizman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcrecinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan onar\u0131lmaz yar\u0131k\u201d vurgusuyla kapitalizm ile do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki iflah olmaz \u00e7eli\u015fkiye dikkat \u00e7eken Karl Marx\u2019\u0131n hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sergilemesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca Karl Marx\u2019\u0131n XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131betin art\u0131k geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez bir hakik\u00e2t h\u00e2line gelmesiyle birlikte; \u201cKapitalizm do\u011fay\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kertmeden insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kapitalizmi \u00e7\u00f6kertmesi \u015fart oldu\u201d hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da an\u0131msa(t)mak gerek\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kolay m\u0131? S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ol(a)mayan kapitalist ya\u011fman\u0131n arkas\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6ller b\u0131rakan y\u0131k\u0131m uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak \u201cKapitalist tar\u0131mdaki her geli\u015fme, yaln\u0131z emek\u00e7iyi soyma sanat\u0131nda de\u011fil, topra\u011f\u0131 soyma sanat\u0131nda da bir ilerlemedir; belli bir zaman i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n verimlili\u011finin artmas\u0131ndaki her ilerleme, ayn\u0131 zamanda, bu sonsuz verimlilik kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mahvedilmesine do\u011fru bir ilerlemedir.\u201d(19)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O h\u00e2lde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizm deyince; Tatanka Iyotake\/ Oturan Bo\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n, \u201cSahip olma iste\u011fi onlarda bir hastal\u0131k olmu\u015f. Bu insanlar, zenginlerin bozabilece\u011fi ama yoksullar\u0131n bozamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok kural koymu\u015flar. Y\u00f6netici olan zenginleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in yoksullarla g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczlerden vergiler al\u0131yorlar. Bizim anam\u0131z\u0131n, topra\u011f\u0131n, kendilerinin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7itler yaparak kendilerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar; topra\u011f\u0131 binalar\u0131yla ve \u00f6teki s\u00fcpr\u00fcnt\u00fcleriyle \u00e7irkinle\u015ftiriyorlar. Bu millet, baharda yata\u011f\u0131ndan ta\u015farak, yoluna \u00e7\u0131kan her \u015feyi yok eden bir \u0131rma\u011fa benziyor\u201d tespitini an\u0131msamadan edemeyiz!(20)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet, \u201cGezegenin S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 (s.89) zorlayan \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Karbon H\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dn\u0131n (s.201), \u201cPlastik Salg\u0131n\u0131\u201dn\u0131n (s.199) y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131yla y\u00fcz y\u00fczeyiz!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amerikan yerli \u015fefi Seattle, 1854\u2019de ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Franklin Pierce\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta, \u201cBeyaz adam anas\u0131 olan topra\u011fa ve karde\u015fi olan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne, al\u0131p sat\u0131lacak, i\u015flenecek, ya\u011fmalanacak bir \u015fey g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakar. Onun bu ihtiras\u0131d\u0131r ki topraklar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015ftirecek ve her \u015feyi yok edecektir\u2026 \u015eu ger\u00e7e\u011fi iyi biliyoruz: Toprak insana de\u011fil, insan topra\u011fa aittir. Ve bu d\u00fcnyadaki her \u015fey, bir ailenin fertlerini birbirine ba\u011flayan kan gibi ortakt\u0131r ve birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelen her felaket insano\u011flunun da ba\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Bir g\u00fcn bakacaks\u0131n\u0131z g\u00f6kteki kartallar, da\u011flar\u0131 \u00f6rten ormanlar yok olmu\u015f, yabani atlar ehlile\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve her yer insano\u011flunun kokusuyla dolmu\u015f. \u0130\u015fte o g\u00fcn insano\u011flu i\u00e7in ya\u015fam\u0131n sonu ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilme m\u00fccadelesinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olacak\u201d(21) derken bug\u00fcnleri, \u201cplastik uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dn\u0131 anlat\u0131yordu sanki!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya Do\u011fay\u0131 Koruma Vakf\u0131 (WWF), Akdeniz\u2019in en tehlikeli t\u00fcrleri olarak g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi plastiklere dikkat \u00e7ekip, Akdeniz\u2019i kirleten at\u0131klar\u0131n y\u00fczde 95\u2019ini plastik at\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011funu ifade ederken(22); Viyana T\u0131p \u00dcniversitesi ile Avusturya \u00c7evre Dairesi\u2019nin ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan sekiz denekten al\u0131nan gaita \u00f6rneklerinde mikroplastik bulundu. DW\u2019de yer alan habere g\u00f6re de, Avusturya\u2019da yap\u0131lan pilot ara\u015ft\u0131rmada deneklerin d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131nda mikroplastikler tespit edildi.(23)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Greenpeace\u2019in York \u00dcniversitesi ve Oxford \u00dcniversitesi ile birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201830×30 Okyanus Koruma Plan\u0131\u2019 raporuna g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin y\u00fczde 43\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc ve gezegendeki ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 70\u2019ini kaplayan okyanuslar b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit alt\u0131nda\u201d(24) iken; D\u00fcnya Do\u011fay\u0131 Koruma Vakf\u0131 (WWF), 2030\u2019a kadar, 104 milyon ton plasti\u011fin do\u011faya daha kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Bu s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131, yaln\u0131z insan\u0131 de\u011fil, do\u011fal hayat ile birlikte b\u00fct\u00fcn ekosistemi tahrip ediyor. Bug\u00fcne kadar, 270\u2019ten fazla t\u00fcrden hayvan\u0131n plastik at\u0131klara tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 240\u2019tan fazla t\u00fcrden hayvan\u0131n ise plastik yuttu\u011fu biliniyor.(25)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadece \u201cplastik\u201d mi? Ya Eric Beinhocker\u2019in, \u201cKarbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 ahl\u00e2k d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 \u0130nsan kaynakl\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ahl\u00e2ki bir problem. Bir grup insan\u0131n, di\u011ferlerine zarar vermesini i\u00e7eriyor. Bizim neslimiz, ileriki nesillere zarar veriyor. Geli\u015fmi\u015f d\u00fcnyadaki insanlar, geli\u015fmekte olan d\u00fcnyaya zarar veriyor. Atmosfere sald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z karbon; iklim kaynakl\u0131 f\u0131rt\u0131nalar, seller, kurakl\u0131klar ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara sebep oluyor. En b\u00fcy\u00fck ahl\u00e2ki problem ise \u015fu: Tetikledi\u011fimiz toplu yok olu\u015f d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 tehdit ediyor\u201d(26) diye betimledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcng\u00fc?! \u2018Son Nefes: K\u00f6m\u00fcr \u015eirketleri Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 Hasta Ediyor\u2019 raporuna g\u00f6re Avrupa\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren sadece 10 \u015firket 2016\u2019da k\u00f6m\u00fcrden elektrik \u00fcretiminin sebep oldu\u011fu sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinden sorumlu. Bu \u015firketlerin sahip oldu\u011fu toplam 91 k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc termik santral, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l 7 bin 600 erken \u00f6l\u00fcme, 3 bin 320 yeni kronik bron\u015fit vakas\u0131na ve 22 milyar euro sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamas\u0131na neden oldu.(27)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde tamamlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, 2018\u2019de d\u00fcnyadaki \u00f6l\u00fcm vakalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 18\u2019ine fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklanan hava kirlili\u011fi neden oldu.(28)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1823\u2019den beri yay\u0131nlanan hakemli t\u0131p dergilerinden \u2018Lancet\u2019in \u2018Geri Say\u0131m Raporu\u2019 iklim krizinin h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar verdi\u011fini ve Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 hedeflerine ula\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda bir neslin tamam\u0131n\u0131n refah seviyesini etkileyece\u011fini ortaya koyuyorken(29); atmosferde artan karbondioksit de\u011ferleri sadece d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131 daha fazla \u0131s\u0131tmakla kalmay\u0131p, tah\u0131ldaki besin de\u011ferlerini de de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re \u00f6rne\u011fin pirin\u00e7, protein i\u00e7eri\u011finin y\u00fczde yedisini kaybedebilecek. Bu da ciddi bir beslenme sorununu da beraberinde getirecek. Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Samuel Myers, 2050\u2019ye dek 159 milyon ki\u015finin daha protein eksikli\u011fi \u00e7ekece\u011fini tahmin ediyor.(30)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHepimiz Ayn\u0131 Gemide De\u011filiz\u201d (s.207) uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n dillendirip; \u201c\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Kurbanlar\u0131\u201dna (s.208) \u00e7eken Ian Angus, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn \u201cEkososyalizm ve \u0130nsani Dayan\u0131\u015fma\u201d (s.227), \u201cEkolojik Medeniyet\u201d (s.231), \u201cEkososyalizm\u201d (s.238), \u201cEkososyalist Alternatif\u201dte (s.239) oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toplumsal ve ekolojik kayg\u0131lar\u0131 birle\u015ftiren radikal bir alternatif olarak tan\u0131mlanan ekososyalizm, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 olabildi\u011fi oranda realize olabilecek iken; Ian Angus\u2019un, \u201cNi\u00e7in d\u00fcnyadaki en zengin \u00fclkeler emisyon oranlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltm\u0131yor ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomiler geli\u015ftirmiyor? Bu \u00fclkelere tek tek sorarsan\u0131z y\u00f6neticilerimiz tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z kendi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ve torunlar\u0131n\u0131n istikrarl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir d\u00fcnyada ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 istediklerini s\u00f6yleyecektir. \u00d6yleyse neden tav\u0131rlar\u0131 s\u00f6zleri ile \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir? Neden uygulamada kendi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na ve torunlar\u0131na zehirlenmi\u015f hava ve suyu olan bir d\u00fcnya, sel ve kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n ve artan iklimsel felaketlerin oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fcnya b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in bu kadar kararl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyorlar? Neden sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yar\u0131m g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00e7abalar\u0131 dahi engelliyorlar?\u201d(31) sorusuna da net yan\u0131tlar \u00fcretmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Angus\u2019un sorular\u0131na, Karl Marx\u2019\u0131n ekolojisinden hareketle yan\u0131tlar verilebilirken; s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez kapitalizm, kar\u015f\u0131 konulamaz bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131 konulamaz bir art\u0131k ve kirlenme yaratma d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc birle\u015ftirmektedir. Ancak yerk\u00fcrenin kaynaklar\u0131 sonsuz de\u011filken, ekolojik dengesi de son derece k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131r. Ve karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi ya\u015famsal bir sorun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda zengin \u00fclkelerin yoksullardan sat\u0131n alabilece\u011fi \u201ckarbon kotalar\u0131\u201d, sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in ise -otomobil \u00fcretimini s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131p alternatif ta\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6ntemleri \u00fczerinde kafa yoracak yerde- yerk\u00fcredeki tar\u0131msal alanlar\u0131 monok\u00fclt\u00fcre (m\u0131s\u0131r), halklar\u0131 ise a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa mahk\u00fbm k\u0131lacak etanol yak\u0131tlar gibi \u201cdahiyane\u201d (!) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00f6ne s\u00fcren kapitalizmin, belli ki bios\u2019u kurtaracak bir \u201cproje\u201dsi yoktur; olamaz da\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam da bu koordinatlarda Slavoj Zizek\u2019in, \u201cSu\u00e7u bireylere atmak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek nedenlerini gizliyor: Kapitalizm ve Ulus-Devletler\u2026 Ki\u015fisel vicdan hesab\u0131 yapmakla me\u015fgulken, sanayi uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in daha sa\u011fduyulu sorular sormay\u0131 unuturum. Bu su\u00e7lama giri\u015fimi kolay bir ka\u00e7amak yol da bulur: Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, organik ye, yeni enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kullan vb. Vicdan\u0131m\u0131z rahat, yolumuza devam ederiz\u201d(32) uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msayarak; Stefan Hessel, 94\u2019inde kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u00d6fkelenin; haks\u0131zl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkelenin, e\u015fitsizliklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkelenin, zorbal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkelenin, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkelenin, insanlar\u0131n ezilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkelenin, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkelenin, ilkelli\u011fin vandalizmine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkelenin\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na kulak vermek \u201colmazsa olmaz\u201dd\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBirle\u015fin, bu haks\u0131zl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlarla birle\u015fin, sizin gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenlerle birle\u015fin, ezilenlerle birle\u015fin, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kitlelerle birle\u015fin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc k\u00f6leli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fin.\u201d(33)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Umberto Eco.<\/li>
  2. Batuhan Sar\u0131can, \u201cKarbon Ekonomisine Son Vermeliyiz\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 16 A\u011fustos 2020, s.16.<\/li>
  3. Hayri Kozano\u011flu, \u201cEkolojik \u0130syan\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 24 Eyl\u00fcl 2019, s.13.<\/li>
  4. Ian Angus, Antroposen\u2019le Y\u00fczle\u015fmek – Fosil Kapitalizm ve D\u00fcnya Sisteminin Krizi, \u00e7ev: Nuray Onuk, Marx21 Yay., \u015eubat 2021, 320 sahife.<\/li>
  5. Alp Kad\u0131o\u011flu, \u201cMichael Bloss: En B\u00fcy\u00fck Sorunumuz \u0130klim Krizi Olacak\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 21 A\u011fustos 2019, s.5.<\/li>
  6. \u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131k Tehdit Alt\u0131nda\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 22 Eyl\u00fcl 2019, s.12.<\/li>
  7. \u201c2 Bin Y\u0131l\u0131n En \u015eiddetli K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nmas\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 21 Eyl\u00fcl 2019, s.8.<\/li>
  8. \u201cOkyanuslar Tahmin Edilenden Y\u00fczde 40 Daha H\u0131zl\u0131 Is\u0131n\u0131yor\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 12 Ocak 2019, s.16.<\/li>
  9. \u201c30 Y\u0131lda 28 Trilyon Ton Buzul Eridi\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 25 A\u011fustos 2020, s.12.<\/li>
  10. Hazal Ocak, \u201cDenizlerimiz \u00c7ok Hasta\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 27 Eyl\u00fcl 2019, s.16.<\/li>
  11. \u201c\u0130klim G\u0131day\u0131 da Vuruyor\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 9 A\u011fustos 2019, s.2.<\/li>
  12. \u201c\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Getirdi\u011fi Do\u011fal Afetler\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 30 Mart 2019, s.2.<\/li>
  13. \u201cBuzullar H\u0131zla Eriyor\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 24 Kas\u0131m 2018, s.12.<\/li>
  14. \u201c170 Milyon Ki\u015fi Acil Yard\u0131m Bekliyor\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 6 Aral\u0131k 2019, s.12.<\/li>
  15. \u201c\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7 Hareketi Yaratabilir\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 21 Mart 2018, s.16.<\/li>
  16. Dilek Ye\u011fin, \u201c\u0130klim Krizi \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131n\u0131 da Tehdit Ediyor\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 26 Haziran 2019, s.14.<\/li>
  17. G\u00fclcan K\u0131lag\u00f6z, \u201cK\u00fcresel Is\u0131nman\u0131n da Geneti\u011fi De\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u201d, Yeni Ya\u015fam, 7 A\u011fustos 2018, s.8.<\/li>
  18. Erin\u00e7 Yeldan, \u201c\u0130klim Krizinin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ya\u015fam\u0131na Etkileri\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 9 Ekim 2019, s.11.<\/li>
  19. Karl Marx, Kapital, Sermayenin \u00dcretim S\u00fcreci, Cilt: I, \u00e7ev: Alaattin Bilgi, Sol Yay., 1965, s.480-482.<\/li>
  20. \u201c\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen (ortak bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcye, paraya indirgenen) \u015fey ve \u00fcr\u00fcnler kendi hakik\u00e2tlerini s\u00f6ylemezler; \u015fey ve \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak, bu hakik\u00e2ti gizlerler. \u00dcr\u00fcn ve (mek\u00e2n i\u00e7inde) yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131mlar feti\u015fle\u015fir, \u00fcretim faaliyetini ele ge\u00e7irerek, bu faaliyetten, yani ger\u00e7ekten daha \u2018ger\u00e7ek\u2019 bir h\u00e2l al\u0131r.\u201d (Henri Lefebvre, Mek\u00e2n\u0131n \u00dcretimi, \u00e7ev: I\u015f\u0131k Erg\u00fcden, Sel Yay., 2014, s.107.)<\/li>
  21. Nas\u0131l Satabilirsin ki Havay\u0131?, \u00e7ev: Sibel \u00d6zbudun, \u00dctopya Yay\u0131nevi, 2010.<\/li>
  22. \u201cAkdeniz\u2019de Tehlikeli 18 At\u0131k\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 29 Temmuz 2019, s.2.<\/li>
  23. \u201c8 \u00dclkeden Deneklerin D\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131nda Mikroplastik \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 25 Ekim 2018, s.18.<\/li>
  24. Hazal Ocak, \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 Yan\u0131m\u0131z Plastik\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 5 Nisan 2019, s.16.<\/li>
  25. \u201cWWF\u2019den K\u00fcresel \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131: Plastik Kirlili\u011fi Durdurun\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 14 Mart 2019, s.16<\/li>
  26. Eric Beinhocker, \u201cKarbon Sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 Ahl\u00e2k D\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 23 Eyl\u00fcl 2019, s.5.<\/li>
  27. Hazal Ocak, \u201cAvrupa\u2019da Kara Kriz\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 30 Kas\u0131m 2018, s.8.<\/li>
  28. \u201cD\u00fcnyadaki Her 5 \u00d6l\u00fcmden 1\u2019ine Fosil Yak\u0131t Kaynakl\u0131 Hava Kirlili\u011fi Neden Oldu\u201d, 27 \u015eubat 2021\u2026 https:\/\/www.avrupademokrat.com\/dunyadaki-her-5-olumden-1ine-fosil-yakit-kaynakli-hava-kirliligi-neden-oldu\/<\/a><\/li>
  29. An\u0131l Varl\u0131, \u201cKirli Enerji \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor!\u201d, Birg\u00fcn, 14 Kas\u0131m 2019, s.16.<\/li>
  30. \u201cTah\u0131llar\u0131n Protein \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi de Azal\u0131yor\u201d, Cumhuriyet, 14 Aral\u0131k 2020, s.16.<\/li>
  31. Ian Angus, Ye\u015filin Daha K\u0131z\u0131l Tonu: Bilim ve Sosyalizmin Kesi\u015fimleri, \u00e7ev: Nil Dar\u0131lmaz, Efil Yay\u0131nevi, 2019<\/li>
  32. Slavoj Zizek, \u201cGeri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, Organik G\u0131da, Bisiklet\u2026 D\u00fcnya B\u00f6yle Kurtar\u0131lmaz\u201d, 20 Ocak 2017\u2026 http:\/\/sendika63.org\/2017\/01\/geri-donusum-organik-gida-bisiklet-dunya-boyle-kurtarilmaz -slavoj-zizek-399933\/<\/li>
  33. Stephane Hessel, \u00d6fkelenin!, \u00e7ev: \u0130smail Yerguz, Cumhuriyet Kitaplar\u0131, 2011<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Yaz\u0131 https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/felaket-esigi-mi-otesi-mi-haber-1517224<\/a> sayfas\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sibel \u00d6zbudun Art\u0131k anla\u015f\u0131lacak hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her \u015fey anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.(1) Eleal\u0131 Zenon\u2019un, \u201cYa\u015fam\u0131n amac\u0131 do\u011fa ile uzla\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015famakt\u0131r\u201d; Fyodor Dostoyevski\u2019nin, \u201cDo\u011faya kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7un \u00f6c\u00fc, insan adaletinden daha […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[376],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleyaz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1911"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1915,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1911\/revisions\/1915"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}