{"id":1835,"date":"2020-09-04T23:12:12","date_gmt":"2020-09-04T20:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=1835"},"modified":"2020-10-23T12:44:13","modified_gmt":"2020-10-23T09:44:13","slug":"belarus-ve-lukasenkoya-karsi-mucadele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=1835","title":{"rendered":"Belarus ve Luka\u015fenko’ya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olan Uluslararas\u0131 Sosyalist Ak\u0131m, Belarus’ta diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadele \u00fczerine bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belarus’ta Aleksander Lukashenko’nun yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f otoriter y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 kitlesel  grev ve protesto hareketleri ba\u015flad\u0131. Y\u00fcz binler sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00dcretim tesislerinde, enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, \u00e7elik tesislerinde, madencilikte, petrokimya, medya ve di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlerde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck grevler ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Lukashenko ve m\u00fcttefikleri, protestolar\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in devlet g\u00fc\u00e7lerini hoyrat\u00e7a  kullan\u0131yor, grev liderlerini tutuklayarak bask\u0131y\u0131 geni\u015fletiyor, ama bu \u00e7aresizlikleri asl\u0131nda hareketi daha da radikalle\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belarus’taki m\u00fccadele ile dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7indeyiz. Belarus\u2019ta ya\u015fananlar siyasi ve sosyal de\u011fi\u015fim talep eden L\u00fcbnan, Bolivya, Mali ve Tayland\u2019da da g\u00f6r\u00fclen yeni  protesto dalgas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Bu m\u00fccadele, 2019’da koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle kesintiye u\u011frayan, ancak salg\u0131n\u0131n ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn etkisiyle derinle\u015fen ve \u015fimdi yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan  isyan dalgas\u0131n\u0131n hemen arkas\u0131ndan geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belarus’taki hareket Ukrayna, G\u00fcrcistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan’daki \u201cRenkli Devrimler\u201d veya Ukrayna’daki 2013-14 \u201cEuromaidan\u201d protestolar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Ancak bu yakla\u015f\u0131m,  Belarus isyan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmek demek. Stalinizm \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, Rusya ve bir\u00e7ok eski Sovyet cumhuriyetinden farkl\u0131 olarak, Belarus ekonomisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve liberalizasyon ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmedi. Devlet kapitalizminden serbest piyasa kapitalizmine \u015fiddetli bir ge\u00e7i\u015f ya\u015fayan \u00fclkelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, Belarus’ta nispeten daha hafif oldu. Ayr\u0131ca Ukrayna veya Rusya’da oldu\u011fu gibi bir oligark s\u0131n\u0131f da olu\u015fmad\u0131. Bunun yerine, Lukashenko ve destek\u00e7ileri ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde y\u00fcksek derecede merkezi bir g\u00fcc\u00fc elde tutmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nceleri Rusya\u2019ya verdi\u011fi siyasi destek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ucuz Rus petrol\u00fc ald\u0131 ve rafine ettikten sonra yeniden ihra\u00e7 ederek gelir elde etti. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Rusya, Belarus tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve mamul \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pazard\u0131. Ancak son y\u0131llarda Rusya ile ili\u015fkiler bozuldu\u011funda bu ekonomik deste\u011fin gerilemesi ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f Lukashenko rejimi \u00fczerinde artan bir bask\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Ekonominin durgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda Lukashenko, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeyi bir kurtulu\u015f re\u00e7etesi olarak ilan ederken, ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lara ba\u015flad\u0131. Buna, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fsizlerden vergi alma giri\u015fimi ve artan t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen birka\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca \u00fccretlerin dondurulmas\u0131 \u00f6rnek verilebilir. Son y\u0131llarda Lukashenko, do\u011fru fiyat\u0131n verilmesi ko\u015fuluyla Belarus i\u015fletmelerinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilece\u011finden s\u00f6z etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Rejim bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ayr\u0131ca \u00c7in, AB ve \u0130ngiltere ile ba\u011flar kurarak Rusya’n\u0131n etkisini dengelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mart ay\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, Belarus ordusu \u0130ngiliz Kraliyet Deniz Piyadeleri ile ortak tatbikatlar yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lukashenko’nun oylar\u0131n y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve muhalefet aday\u0131 Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya’n\u0131n sadece  y\u00fczde 10 oy ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti\u011fi hileli 9 A\u011fustos se\u00e7imleri, Belarus vatanda\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in Covid-19 krizinin de yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netilmesiyle iyice artan ekonomik sorunlar\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu nedenle, sadece b\u00fcy\u00fck sokak protestolar\u0131yla de\u011fil, rejim yanl\u0131s\u0131 sendikalara ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bile devlet i\u015fletmelerinde grev yapmalar\u0131yla, protestolar\u0131n her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk g\u00fcnlerde protestocular\u0131 yasalara uymaya ve \u015fiddetli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran Tsikhanouskaya ve m\u00fcttefikleri, m\u00fccadelenin gerisinde kald\u0131lar. Resmi liberal-milliyet\u00e7i muhalefet, s\u0131radan Belaruslular\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir \u015fey sunmuyor. Se\u00e7imlerin yenilenmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, Lukashenko\u2019nun y\u00f6netimine alternatif olarak sunduklar\u0131 sadece ekonominin daha da serbestle\u015ftirilmesi. \u015eu anda resmi liberal-milliyet\u00e7i muhalefetin baz\u0131 kesimlerine kur yapan ABD, AB ve \u0130ngiltere gibi Bat\u0131l\u0131 emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan hareketi kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u015fekillendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lere b\u00f6lgedeki n\u00fcfuzunu yeniden in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in hareketi kullanmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan Vladimir Putin de dahil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun ger\u00e7ek alternatifi, hem sosyal hem de siyasi talepler ortaya koyan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve geli\u015fmesidir. Bug\u00fcn Belarus’ta, toplu olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen i\u015f\u00e7ilerin  muazzam g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Grev hareketi \u015fimdiye kadar taleplerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeni se\u00e7im \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131yla, bask\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesiyle ve siyasi tutuklular\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131. Bununla birlikte, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi i\u00e7indeki bir az\u0131nl\u0131k, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmelerden vazge\u00e7ilerek, i\u015fsizlik ve yoksulluk konular\u0131n\u0131n ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 talebini dile getirmi\u015ftir. Hareketin toplumsal taleplerinin derinle\u015ftirilmesi, hem Belarus oligarklar\u0131 hem de \u00fclke ekonomisini \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmeye haz\u0131r olarak g\u00f6ren \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketler gibi kapitalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin elini kuvvetlendirmeye kararl\u0131 yanda\u015flar\u0131n etkisini azaltmada \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stalinizm\u2019in miras\u0131, devrimci sosyalist gelene\u011fi ony\u0131llard\u0131r eski Sovyet cumhuriyetlerinde yok etti. Bu, Stalinizm kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun korundu\u011fu Belarus’ta \u00f6zellikle ge\u00e7erli. Hareketin, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kurtulu\u015funu kendi eylemlerinde g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek bir sosyalist gelene\u011fin yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na evrilece\u011fini umuyoruz. Yeni hareket parlamenter demokrasiye d\u00f6n\u00fclmesi talebiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmamal\u0131, toplumun t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan demokratik y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmelidir. Mevcut hareket bu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin ortam\u0131n\u0131 yaratmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Sosyalist Ak\u0131m, Belarus kitlelerinin siyasi ve ekonomik m\u00fccadelelerine tam destek vermektedir. Lukashenko g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin protesto ve grevlere bask\u0131 yapmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve t\u00fcm siyasi tutuklular\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyoruz. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerimiz taraf\u0131ndan, ger\u00e7ek bir sosyalist alternatifin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131racak, Belarus siyasetine yap\u0131lacak herhangi bir m\u00fcdahaleye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n orijinali: http:\/\/internationalsocialists.org\/wordpress\/2020\/08\/belarus-and-the-struggle-against-lukashenko\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7evirinin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayfa: https:\/\/marksist.org\/icerik\/Dunya\/14406\/Belarus-ve-Lukasenkoya-karsi-mucadele<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olan Uluslararas\u0131 Sosyalist Ak\u0131m, Belarus’ta diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadele \u00fczerine bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yay\u0131nland\u0131. Belarus’ta Aleksander Lukashenko’nun yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f otoriter y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 kitlesel  grev ve protesto hareketleri ba\u015flad\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1836,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1835","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1835"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1835\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1862,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1835\/revisions\/1862"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1836"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1835"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}