{"id":1633,"date":"2020-04-30T11:33:06","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T08:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=1633"},"modified":"2020-05-06T22:31:54","modified_gmt":"2020-05-06T19:31:54","slug":"abd-hegemonyasi-pandemiyi-atlatabilir-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=1633","title":{"rendered":"ABD hegemonyas\u0131 pandemiyi atlatabilir mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne yap\u0131lan Amerikan finansal katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesine d\u00f6n\u00fck Trump\u2019\u0131n karar\u0131, koronavir\u00fcs pandemisinin \u201ck\u00fcresel problem nedir\u201d sorusuna verilen ulusal cevaplar \u00fcst\u00fcne y\u00fckseldi\u011finin sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amerika bu konuda yaln\u0131z de\u011fil. Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin tepkisi tipik bir \u015fekilde kaotik, kendi i\u00e7inde par\u00e7al\u0131 ve bencilceydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat di\u011fer kapitalist devletler geleneksel olarak Amerikan liderli\u011finin uluslararas\u0131 krizleri y\u00f6netme bi\u00e7imine bel ba\u011flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2007-9 k\u00fcresel finansal krizinde George W. Bush ve Barack Obama y\u00f6netimleri bu liderlik rol\u00fcne talip olmu\u015flard\u0131. Fakat Trump\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir niyeti yok; ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir devletin de b\u00f6yle bir kudreti yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna ABD\u2019nin yegane ciddi rakibi \u00c7in de dahil. Pandemi, \u00c7in\u2019in k\u00fcresel konumu \u00fczerinde \u00e7eli\u015fkili etkiler yaratt\u0131. Bir taraftan Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hubei eyaletinin yerel y\u00f6neticilerinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yava\u015f davranmalar\u0131 ve salg\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcmen alt\u0131na itmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019e zarar verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer taraftan merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin gecikmi\u015f de olsa kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 ve bunu tamamlayan vaka takibi ve yayg\u0131n test, pamdeminin kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Pekin\u2019in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki s\u00fcmenalt\u0131 manevras\u0131na ne kadar dahil oldu\u011funu bilmiyoruz, ama Trump ve Boris Johnson\u2019\u0131n vurdumduymaz beceriksizli\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genel kriz y\u00f6netimi onu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019in resmi propaganda makinesi bu kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 abartmakla me\u015fgul. Bu arada kendisinin ne kadar iyi bir k\u00fcresel vatanda\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in \u00c7in, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda t\u0131bbi malzeme da\u011f\u0131t\u0131yor. Bu durum Trump y\u00f6netimini ve onun Britanya ve Avustralya gibi m\u00fcttefiklerini pandeminin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n resmi olarak ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebini y\u00fckseltmeye provoke etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gelecekte tarih\u00e7iler Covid-19\u2019u \u00c7in\u2019in ABD\u2019nin elinden hegemonik kapitalist devlet s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6recekler mi? Hi\u00e7 zannetmem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Amerikan hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki kurum dolar ve Pentagon\u2019dur. Bu g\u00fcnlerde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan dolar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, k\u00fcresel finansal sistemin merkezi olmaya devam ediyor. Onun kocaman bankalar\u0131, dolar \u00fczerinden bor\u00e7larla d\u00f6nen k\u00fcresel finansal piyasalar\u0131 kontrol ediyor. Bu, kimi \u00fclkelerin ve \u015firketlerin kredi kanallar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen Amerikan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n etkili bir silah olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca bu krediler \u00e7o\u011funlukla dolar \u00fczerinden. Hem k\u00fcresel finansal kriz hem de pandeminin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 panik sonucu dolara ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. Firmalar ve devletler, ithalat\u0131 finanse etmek ve bor\u00e7 geri \u00f6demeleri i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 dolarlara s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 sar\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ayr\u0131ca daha fazla dolar elde etmek i\u00e7in varl\u0131k sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131lar; g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi y\u00fcksek olan Amerikan hazine tahvillerini bile ellerinden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki krizde de Amerikan devleti \u2013 hem merkez bankas\u0131 FED hem de hazine \u2013 bu dolar ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Mart\u2019ta FED, be\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck merkez bankas\u0131n\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 swap hatt\u0131ndan di\u011fer dokuz merkez bankas\u0131n\u0131n da istifade etmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat \u00c7in Halk Bankas\u0131 ne swap hatt\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 talep etti ne de ona bu \u00f6nerildi. Bunun nedeni \u00c7in\u2019in dolara ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 de\u011fil. \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin k\u00fcresel finansal krize kar\u015f\u0131 tepkisi, kamu bankalar\u0131n\u0131n kredi musluklar\u0131n\u0131 sonuna kadar a\u00e7ma \u015feklinde olmu\u015ftu. Elde etti\u011fi sonu\u00e7 ise kocaman bir yat\u0131r\u0131m fazlas\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kamu i\u015fletmelerini ve yerel idareleri borca bo\u011fan bir emlak balonu oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pekin yava\u015f yava\u015f bu k\u00f6t\u00fc bor\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne almay\u0131 deniyor. Pandemi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda baz\u0131 bat\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin aksine onun \u00e7ok daha m\u00fctevazi mali te\u015fvik uygulamas\u0131na gitmesinin bir nedeni de bu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat bu bor\u00e7 stoku renminbi (yuan) kadar dolar cinsinden. G\u00fcney \u00c7in Sabah Postas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re \u201c\u00c7in \u015firketleri, deniz \u00f6tesi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 finanse etmek i\u00e7in de elde ettikleri kazan\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019e getirip \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek ad\u0131na yuana \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in de dolar \u00fczerinden bor\u00e7lan\u0131yorlar\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2021\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k 110 milyar dolarl\u0131k borcun vadesi gelecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7ta Trump\u2019a ra\u011fmen Amerikan finansal ayg\u0131t\u0131 hala k\u00fcresel olarak i\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda. Fakat bu, de\u011fi\u015fmesi imkans\u0131z bir durum de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pekin\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan iktisat\u00e7\u0131 Michael Pettis\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi: \u201cAmerika\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnya ekonomisindeki pay\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onun d\u00fcnyan\u0131n merkez bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekmesi giderek zorla\u015f\u0131yor\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alex Callinicos<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n orijinali Socialist Worker gazetesinde yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve \u015fu adresten ula\u015f\u0131labilir: https:\/\/socialistworker.co.uk\/art\/49921\/Will+US+hegemony+survive+pandemic<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne yap\u0131lan Amerikan finansal katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesine d\u00f6n\u00fck Trump\u2019\u0131n karar\u0131, koronavir\u00fcs pandemisinin \u201ck\u00fcresel problem nedir\u201d sorusuna verilen ulusal cevaplar \u00fcst\u00fcne y\u00fckseldi\u011finin sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Amerika bu konuda yaln\u0131z de\u011fil. Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1634,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[601,40,581,603,602,605,600,604],"class_list":["post-1633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","tag-abd","tag-alex-callinicos","tag-cin","tag-dolar","tag-hegemonya","tag-renminbi","tag-trump","tag-yuan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1635,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1633\/revisions\/1635"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}