{"id":1601,"date":"2020-04-26T14:05:25","date_gmt":"2020-04-26T11:05:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=1601"},"modified":"2020-06-24T20:50:49","modified_gmt":"2020-06-24T17:50:49","slug":"pandemi-gunlerinde-bolsevikler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=1601","title":{"rendered":"Pandemi G\u00fcnlerinde Bol\u015fevikler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylesi zamanlarda Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda do\u011fu cephesini ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kavuran tif\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131 Bol\u015fevikler\u2019in nas\u0131l m\u00fccadele ettiklerini hep merak ederdim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tif\u00fcs o d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle Avrupa \u00e7ap\u0131nda 20 milyon insana bula\u015ft\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri ila yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tif\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131na yol a\u00e7an \u015fey, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bakteri; bilimsel ad\u0131 \u201cRickettsia prowazekii\u201d. Bu organizma hepimizin bildi\u011fi bitin (\u201cPediculus humanus humanus\u201d) ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yor. Ezilen bir bitin veya onun d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ele, y\u00fcze veya burna temas\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla hastal\u0131k insana bula\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her neyse; \u00f6nce Bol\u015fevikler\u2019in o d\u00f6nemde \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 posterlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m. Bunlar \u201celini y\u0131ka\u201ddan daha \u00f6te sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6nerileri i\u00e7eriyor; bite kar\u015f\u0131 genel bir sava\u015f ilan\u0131 yap\u0131yor. Lenin \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cYa sosyalizm bitleri yenecek ya da bitler sosyalizmi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sonra Vijay Prashad\u2019\u0131n Tricontinental\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan m\u00fckemmel bir makalesi elime ge\u00e7ti. Makaleden baz\u0131 al\u0131nt\u0131lar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gen\u00e7 Sovyet Cumhuriyeti bozuk bir sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi ve yoksulluk ve hastal\u0131ktan k\u0131r\u0131lan bir n\u00fcfus devrald\u0131; i\u00e7 sava\u015f, hastal\u0131k ve a\u00e7l\u0131k toplumu t\u00fcmden \u00e7\u00f6kertmekle tehdit ediyordu. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Sovyetler \u00e7e\u015fitli kritik alanlarda h\u0131zla harekete ge\u00e7ti:<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 komiserli\u011finin kurulmas\u0131:<\/strong> 21 Temmuz 1918\u2019de Sovyet Cumhuriyeti \u00e7e\u015fitli sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 merkezi bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplad\u0131 ve ba\u015f\u0131na Nikolai Semashko\u2019yu getirdi; bu alanda d\u00fcnyada at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk kurumsal ad\u0131md\u0131r bu. ABD\u2019de sa\u011fl\u0131k bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta 1953\u2019te kurulacakt\u0131. Komiserli\u011fe sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetini bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bir hak haline getirme g\u00f6revi verildi; sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti bir hak olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bedava olmal\u0131yd\u0131.

<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc geli\u015ftirmek ve demokratikle\u015ftirmek:<\/strong> Sovyet Cumhuriyeti h\u0131zla yeni hastaneler ve poliklinikler a\u00e7t\u0131, doktor ve sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 yeti\u015ftirdi ve t\u0131bbi okullar\u0131n ve bakteriyolojik kurumlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Petrograd Kom\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Kamu Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Komiseri Dr. E.P. Pervukhin 1920\u2019de \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyecekti: “Yeni ila\u00e7 fabrikalar\u0131 kuruldu ve ila\u00e7 spek\u00fclat\u00f6rlerinin elindeki muazzam stoklara el konuldu”. Sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden kar motifi s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Halk\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irme:<\/strong> Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, sadece doktorlar\u0131n ve hem\u015firelerin omuzlar\u0131na y\u00fcklenen bir faaliyet olmad\u0131; Semashko, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplum m\u00fccadelesinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin harekete ge\u00e7melerini sa\u011flad\u0131. 1918\u2019de hem \u015fehirlerde hem de k\u00f6ylerde Salg\u0131nla M\u00fccadele \u0130\u00e7in \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Komiteleri olu\u015fturuldu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin kendilerinin temsilci oldu\u011fu bu komiteler, bilimsel bilgilerin ve h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hhaya dair tedbirlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131, kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k hamamlar\u0131n temizli\u011finin garanti edilmesi ve hastal\u0131k belirtileri g\u00f6sterenlerin profesyonel t\u0131bbi destek almalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale getirilmesi gibi i\u015flevleri yerine getirdi. 1920\u2019de Semashko \u015funlar\u0131 yazacakt\u0131: “Hi\u00e7 abart\u0131ya ka\u00e7madan \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz ki tifo ve kolera salg\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc komiteleri sayesinde durdurulmu\u015ftur”. Kamusal m\u00fccadele Sovyet sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin i\u00e7kin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fiydi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nleyici t\u0131bbi tedbirleri art\u0131rmak: <\/strong>Sovyet kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revleri, \u00f6nleyici tedbirler i\u00e7in (bu tedbirler ister kamusal sa\u011fl\u0131k bilgilerinin aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olsun isterse i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olsun) daha fazla kaynak ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Dr. Pervukhin 1920\u2019de bir Norve\u00e7 gazetesine verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: “[Sovyet Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde] t\u00fcm konutlar kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece eski rejim alt\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n ya\u015famak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit eden ko\u015fullar ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Tah\u0131llar \u00fczerinde kurdu\u011fumuz tekelin \u00f6ncelikli anlam\u0131 yiyecek maddelerinin hasta ve zay\u0131f insanlara ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n garanti edilmesidir”. Daha iyi ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli t\u0131bbi bak\u0131m, hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nledi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Pervukhin\u2019in “Biz, \u0130spanyol gribinin \u00fcstesinden gelme konusunda bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduk” demesi hi\u00e7 de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ve geldik g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze; bundan y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce, hem de en zorlu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda olan Bol\u015fevikler, Trump ve Johnson\u2019dan bin kat daha iyi hareket etmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte devrim i\u00e7in bir gerek\u00e7e daha..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Britanya SWP (Sosyalist \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi) Yurti\u00e7i Sekreter, Charlie Kimber\u2019\u0131n Facebook payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00f6ylesi zamanlarda Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda do\u011fu cephesini ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kavuran tif\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131 Bol\u015fevikler\u2019in nas\u0131l m\u00fccadele ettiklerini hep merak ederdim. Tif\u00fcs o d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle Avrupa \u00e7ap\u0131nda 20 milyon insana […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1607,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[17,584,599,8,586,11,19,598],"class_list":["post-1601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","tag-bolsevik","tag-covid-19","tag-ispanyol-gribi","tag-lenin","tag-pandemi","tag-sosyalizm","tag-sovyet","tag-tifus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1601"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1612,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1601\/revisions\/1612"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}