{"id":1105,"date":"2018-03-29T19:06:57","date_gmt":"2018-03-29T16:06:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=1105"},"modified":"2020-04-30T12:04:34","modified_gmt":"2020-04-30T09:04:34","slug":"kemalizm-sol-degil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?p=1105","title":{"rendered":"Kemalizm Sol De\u011fil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yalanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karamayan, yayg\u0131nca kabul g\u00f6ren fikirlerle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fsa da, ilk ve \u00f6ncelikli olarak \u015foke etse de ger\u00e7e\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klayamayan bir halk ne tiranl\u0131ktan ne yoksulluktan ne s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcden ne de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelen tehditlerden kurtulabilir.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Her \u015fey Mustafa Kemal\u2019in 19 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Samsun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131; kitlelerin kendi eylemlili\u011fine dayanan bir devrim ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130syan dalgas\u0131 1906\u2019da Erzurum\u2019dayd\u0131. Kentin kontrol\u00fc neredeyse iki y\u0131l boyunca kent halk\u0131n\u0131n elindeydi. \u015eehri Ermeniler ve T\u00fcrkler beraber y\u00f6netiyordu…<\/p>\n

Toplum etnik ve dini \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sahipti…<\/p>\n

1908 Devrimi imparatorlu\u011fun her yerine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrkler, Rumlar ve Ermeniler\u2019in ortak fiiliydi. 26 Temmuz 1908\u2019de 100 bin T\u00fcrk, Rum, Ermeni vd. Beyaz\u0131t Meydan\u0131\u2019ndan Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131\u2019na y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. O d\u00f6nem \u0130stanbul\u2019un n\u00fcfusu bir milyondan azd\u0131…<\/p>\n

1908 se\u00e7imlerinde meclise 6 sosyalist vekil se\u00e7ildi…<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat Terakki iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde kapit\u00fclasyonlar t\u00fcmden kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, \u015feriat mahkemeleri la\u011fvedildi, ilk defa k\u0131z lisesi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar \u0130stanbul Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnunu\u2019na kabul edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131…<\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019nun bat\u0131s\u0131 Yunanistan i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndayken bile \u0130stanbul\u2019da m\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve h\u0131ristiyan i\u015f\u00e7iler birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fctleniyor ve grev yap\u0131yordu…<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemine atfedilen neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn yenilikler daha \u00f6nce uygulamaya konuldu\/kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131…<\/p>\n

Bu kitap, kemalist efsaneleri te\u015fhir etme ve bu topraklarda unutturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan, birle\u015fik m\u00fccadele gelene\u011fine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutma hedefiyle kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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NOT:<\/strong><\/span> Kitab\u0131 internetten sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in:<\/strong> https:\/\/urun.n11.com\/turkiye-uzerine-arastirmalar\/kemalizm-sol-degil-P295390354<\/a><\/p>\n

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<\/h1>\n
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\u0130kinci Bask\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Yay\u0131nevi Notu<\/h1>\n

Kemalizm: Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u201cideoloji\u201d<\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye politik hayat\u0131ndaki en garip \u00f6\u011felerden birisi; fikirleri, ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131 ve daha \u00f6nemlisi mensup olduklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 birbirlerinden siyah ve beyaz kadar farkl\u0131 bireylerin kemalizm ve onunla yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili milliyet\u00e7i (ve milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin t\u00fcrevi-tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131) fikirlerde bulu\u015fabilmeleridir. Bu durum kritik anlarda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve ezilenlerin m\u00fccadelesini paralize ederek egemen s\u0131n\u0131fa girdi\u011fi krizlerden kurtulma \u015fans\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Marx, ideoloji kavram\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz bir manada kullan\u0131yordu. Ona g\u00f6re ideoloji, ezilen ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kitlelerin sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6nelen (veya y\u00f6nelmesi gereken) \u00f6fke ve m\u00fccadelelerini hedeften sapt\u0131ran, onlar\u0131n kafalar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran fikirler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc; egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yalan, aldatma ve bilin\u00e7 \u00e7arp\u0131tma manzumesiydi. Bu \u201cideolojik\u201d ara\u00e7lar bizi cinsiyet, \u0131rk, dini inan\u00e7 ve\/veya cinsel tercih bak\u0131m\u0131ndan par\u00e7alara ay\u0131r\u0131r; normalde \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ortak olan kitlelerin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, onlar\u0131n y\u00f6netilmesine imkan sa\u011flar. Egemenlerin \u201cideolojik\u201d ara\u00e7lara ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131 son derece anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r; zira \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n hilaf\u0131na y\u00f6netmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 kesimler, toplumun ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015ftururken kendileri bir avu\u00e7tan ibaret. E\u011fer \u201cy\u00f6netilenler eskisi gibi y\u00f6netilmek istemezlerse\u201d olacak olan kapitalist iktidar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmaz.<\/p>\n

Her egemen \u201cideoloji\u201d, efsanelere dayan\u0131r. Bunlar ya dini, ya milli temellidir ya da ikisinin karmas\u0131 \u015feklindedir. Bunlar\u0131n ortak noktas\u0131 masa ba\u015f\u0131nda imal edilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Yalanlar\u0131n veya aldatmacalar\u0131n efsane haline gelmesi i\u00e7in genellikle o d\u00f6nemin ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden y\u00fczy\u0131llar ge\u00e7mesi gerekir; efsane anlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yalanlayabilecek canl\u0131 haf\u0131zaya veya ilk elden duyumlara sahip insanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok uzun zaman \u00f6nce \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olmalar\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kemalizm ise \u00e7ok da uzak olmayan bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ait efsanelere dayan\u0131yor. \u201cKurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u201dn\u0131n veya 1920\u2019li, 30\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnden y\u00fcz sene bile ge\u00e7medi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n bu topraklarda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu mutlak monar\u015finin ortadan kalkmas\u0131n\u0131n ve \u201cmodernle\u015fme\u201dnin ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ve\/veya kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u201ctek adam\u201d\u0131n \u201cyukar\u0131dan devrimler\u201di sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fine inan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcne kuruldu\u011fu Anadolu ve Do\u011fu Trakya topraklar\u0131 \u015funun \u015furas\u0131nda y\u00fcz sene evvel \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc, \u00e7ok dinli ve \u00e7ok dilli bir yap\u0131ya sahipti. Bu yap\u0131y\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131p her \u015feyin \u201ctek bayrak, tek dil\u201d ve esasen \u201ctek din\u201de indirgenmi\u015f bir \u00fclke yaratma \u00e7abas\u0131, M. Kemal ve onun takip\u00e7ilerinin i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki diktas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Kemalistler, ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201ctek\u201d\u00e7i, kapitalist devlet yaratma i\u015fini, onlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 neredeyse harfiyen tekrarlayarak devam ettirdiler.<\/p>\n

Oysa ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta her \u015fey bamba\u015fkayd\u0131. \u00c7ok\u00e7a duymaya al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u201cbu milletten bir \u015fey \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u201d laf\u0131n\u0131n aksine bu topraklarda de\u011fi\u015fim, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan m\u00fccadele sayesinde ba\u015flad\u0131. Bug\u00fcn birilerinin yere g\u00f6\u011fe s\u0131\u011fd\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in kimseye nefes ald\u0131rmayan, yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 y\u0131l s\u00fcren kirli istibdat\u0131, 1908 Devrimi sayesinde y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Bu devrim sayesinde bu topraklarda ger\u00e7ek manada ilk se\u00e7imler yap\u0131ld\u0131, ilk ger\u00e7ek meclis a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dcstelik bu meclise girenler, tepedeki \u201ctek adam\u201dlar\u0131n belirlemesiyle de\u011fil, \u00f6zg\u00fcr se\u00e7imler sayesinde belirlendi\u011finden vekiller de toplumu yans\u0131tacak kadar \u00e7ok dilli, \u00e7ok dinli ve \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Bu devrim, padi\u015fah\u0131n elindeki t\u00fcm yetkileri elinden al\u0131p padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131 basit bir simge haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Tekrar iktidar olabilmek i\u00e7in devrimi bo\u011fmaktan ba\u015fka bir \u00e7aresi kalmayan Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in el alt\u0131ndan destekledi\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131-devrimi yine T\u00fcrk\u00fc, K\u00fcrd\u00fc, Ermenisi ve Rumu\u2019yla omuz omuza m\u00fccadele eden bu halk durdurdu.<\/p>\n

Peki ya sonra? Sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar, 1908 Devrimi\u2019nin de par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu t\u00fcm burjuva devrimlerinin payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortak trajediyi yans\u0131t\u0131r: Burjuva devrimleri, kapitalist ili\u015fkilerin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki feodal engelleri y\u0131kar. Bunun sonucu \u201ckat\u0131 olan her \u015feyin buharla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d kapitalist modernle\u015fmedir. Elbette eski feodal yap\u0131n\u0131n kayma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 toplumun bir avu\u00e7 az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan asillerin, beylerin, pa\u015falar\u0131n yemesi gibi yeni kurulan kapitalist yap\u0131n\u0131n da kayma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir avu\u00e7 yeni az\u0131nl\u0131k yer. Neticede burjuva devrimleri toplumun s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmez; sadece s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Ancak 1789 B\u00fcy\u00fck Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019ni yapan \u201cbald\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plaklar\u201d\u0131n Bastille Kalesi\u2019ni basarak devrimi ba\u015flat\u0131rkenki dertleri, toplumdaki eski ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131lar\u0131n yerlerine yenileri koymak de\u011fil; \u201ce\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve karde\u015flik\u201dti. T\u0131pk\u0131 onlar gibi Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti \u0130stanbul dahil Anadolu ve Avrupa\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerdeki meydanlar\u0131 \u201ch\u00fcrriyet\u201d nidalar\u0131yla inleten T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt, Ermeni, Rum ve di\u011ferlerinin hedefi de ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n inkarc\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcrk-m\u00fcsl\u00fcman sermayedar\u201d yaratmak u\u011fruna kuracaklar\u0131 otoriter, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve tek tip\u00e7i kapitalist devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 yaratmak de\u011fildi. Ancak ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n daha sonraki d\u00f6nem y\u00fckselttikleri \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 histeriye kar\u015f\u0131 duracak, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve sa\u011flam bir yap\u0131lanma olu\u015fturamad\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u201cErmeni\u2019yi d\u00f6vd\u00fcrtmeyecektik\u201d*<\/a><\/sup><\/h3>\n

Burjuva devrimlerinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi s\u0131n\u0131fsal farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. E\u011fer devrimlere asl\u0131nda sadece adlar\u0131n\u0131 ve fikirlerini veren burjuvalar\u0131n penceresinden bak\u0131l\u0131rsa 1789 da 1908 de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r; neticede \u015fu anda Fransa\u2019da da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada da hakim sistem kapitalizm. Ancak ortaya canlar\u0131n\u0131 dahi koyarak o devrimlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan esas unsurlar olan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm bald\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plaklar\u0131, \u015fu soruyu sormakta hakl\u0131d\u0131rlar: Hani nerede \u201ce\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, karde\u015flik\u201d veya \u201ch\u00fcrriyet\u201d!<\/p>\n

Bu anlam\u0131yla t\u00fcm burjuva devrimleri yar\u0131da kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, 1908 gibi ge\u00e7 kapitalistle\u015fen \u00fclkelerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen devrimler i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle ge\u00e7erlidir. Zira toplumun \u201cyeni\u201d efendileri, devrimin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerjiyi, devrimi yapan kitlelerin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki hedeflerinden sapt\u0131r\u0131p onu uluslararas\u0131 kapitalist (=emperyalist) rekabette ayakta kalmak ve emperyalist hiyerar\u015fide m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca yukar\u0131lara t\u0131rmanmak i\u00e7in kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ve vah\u015fete ba\u015fvurabilirler. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yar\u0131-s\u00f6m\u00fcrge durumundan kurtulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir emperyalist kampa yaslan\u0131p \u00fclkeyi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 katliam\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen; en az T\u00fcrkler ve di\u011ferleri kadar bu memleketin insan\u0131 olan y\u00fcz binlerce Ermeni\u2019yi \u00f6l\u00fcme g\u00f6nderip onlar\u0131n elindeki topra\u011f\u0131 ve sermayeyi \u201cyerli ve milli\u201d e\u015frafa da\u011f\u0131tan ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar bunun klasik \u00f6rne\u011fini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

1915, sadece Ermeniler\u2019in bu topraklardaki izlerinin silindi\u011fi y\u0131l de\u011fil, bizim bug\u00fcn bu \u00fclkede ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7o\u011fu sorunun da ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Anadolu\u2019daki Ermeni varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yok edilmesi 1908 Devrimi\u2019nin Anadolu\u2019daki haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n sakatlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve yeni T\u00fcrk b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahiplerinin ve zenginlerinin (ki bunlar bir sonraki d\u00f6nem kemalistlerin en \u00f6nemli destek\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda yer alacaklard\u0131) ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirdi. Bu, devrimin haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 sakatlayan ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/p>\n

1922\u2019de sava\u015f kazan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kemalistler, ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n izlerini takip ederek Rumlar\u2019\u0131 \u00fclkeden g\u00f6nderdi. Bu, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerdeki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n militan kesiminin kopar\u0131l\u0131p at\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

En sonunda ise s\u0131ra K\u00fcrtler\u2019e geldi. \u201cTek\u201d\u00e7i toplum yaratma \u00f6n\u00fcndeki son engel olan K\u00fcrtler 1925\u2019ten ba\u015flayarak s\u00fcrekli inkarc\u0131 bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutuluyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar ve onlar\u0131n i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kan kemalistler, salam takti\u011fi uygulayarak 1908 Devrimi\u2019nin ve bu topraklardaki kadim karde\u015fli\u011fin alt\u0131n\u0131 oydular. Mustafa Kemal ve onun takip\u00e7ileri bu sayede 1908\u2019in kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin (kendilerine mal ederek) \u00fcst\u00fcne konabildi.<\/p>\n

Kemalizm: Egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ideolojisi<\/h3>\n

Okullarda okutulan \u201cink\u0131lap tarihi\u201d kitaplar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de devrim tarihini 1919\u2019la ba\u015flat\u0131r. Ondan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nem basit\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015ftirilir. 1908 Devrimi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z ve yetersiz \u201cikinci me\u015frutiyet\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla demokrasi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcn yeteneklere sahip \u201ctek adam\u201dlar\u0131n bah\u015fetti\u011fi mesaj\u0131 verilir. Mesaj, bazen a\u00e7\u0131k bazen \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak kemalist iktidar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikrini a\u015f\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6rne\u011fin 1925\u2019teki \u015eeyh Sait Ayaklanmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci ve gerici olarak damgalan\u0131r. Ayaklanman\u0131n ger\u00e7ek nedeninin sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde ve s\u0131ras\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler\u2019e verilen \u00f6zerklik s\u00f6z\u00fcnden sava\u015f kazan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra vazge\u00e7ilmesi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmez. Veya \u201cg\u00fcne\u015f dil\u201d, \u201cg\u00fcne\u015f \u0131rk\u201d gibi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 sa\u00e7mal\u0131klar\u0131n geri kalm\u0131\u015f, uyu\u015fuk bir halktan (yani s\u0131f\u0131rdan) bir ulus yaratmak i\u00e7in \u015fart oldu\u011fu sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda sal\u0131nan Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019nin gayrim\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n elindeki sermayenin nihai olarak T\u00fcrk zenginlerine ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in de\u011fil, sava\u015f zenginlerini cezaland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir (ve hatta bu \u00fclkedeki baz\u0131 \u201ckom\u00fcnistler\u201d bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tekrarlamakta beis g\u00f6rmez).<\/p>\n

Solun kemalizm konusundaki \u00e7arp\u0131k tutumu, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin sakatlanmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli politik nedenlerinden birisidir. Solun sosyal demokrat kesimi ile sosyalist solun bir k\u0131sm\u0131, kemalizmi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a savunuyor ve kendilerine kaynak olarak g\u00f6steriyor. Devrimci solun \u00f6nemli bir kesimi ise kemalizme sistematik ve ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015fma konusunda sorunlu. B\u00f6ylece kritik d\u00f6nemlerde s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi felce u\u011fruyor. 28 \u015eubat darbesine kar\u015f\u0131 etkin bir duru\u015f sergileyemememiz, bug\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, dozu giderek artan, otoriter bask\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde T\u00fcrk egemenlerinin sava\u015f politikalar\u0131na sosyal demokrasi teslim olurken, solun geri kalan\u0131 birle\u015fik bir sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 m\u00fccadele \u00f6rme refleksi g\u00f6steremiyor.<\/p>\n

Kemalizm, bu \u00fclkenin egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ideolojisidir. Egemen s\u0131n\u0131f kendi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in yeri gelir Kenan Evren gibileri elinde Kuran\u2019la il il dola\u015ft\u0131rarak \u201callahs\u0131z kom\u00fcnistler\u201de kar\u015f\u0131 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesini savundurur, yeri gelir 28 \u015eubat\u2019ta oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cgerici\u201dlere kar\u015f\u0131 (hesapta) laik devleti \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Ama t\u00fcm d\u00f6nemlerde uygulanan politikalar\u0131n ortak paydas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131-\u00f6tekile\u015ftirici milliyet\u00e7iliktir. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi kemalizm ad\u0131na yap\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece her ba\u015f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan \u201cGazi Pa\u015fa\u201dya d\u00f6rt elle sar\u0131l\u0131r; her ne kadar ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ona kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015f olsa da!<\/p>\n

Kemalizmi savunmay\u0131 AKP, patronlar, generaller ve ergenekonculara b\u0131rakal\u0131m; bizim i\u015fimiz bu topraklardaki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan, birle\u015fik m\u00fccadele gelene\u011fine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

*<\/a>Ba\u015fl\u0131k, S\u0131rr\u0131 S\u00fcreyya \u00d6nder\u2019in anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131kl\u0131 \u201cf\u0131kra\u201dya dayan\u0131yor: “Bir T\u00fcrk, bir K\u00fcrt ve bir Ermeni zengin bir T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn bah\u00e7esine erik \u00e7almak i\u00e7in girer. Bah\u00e7e sahibi bunlar\u0131 fark eder, yanlar\u0131na gelir ve Ermeni\u2019ye d\u00f6ner. ‘Hadi bunlar benim din karde\u015fim; sen ne hakla benim eri\u011fimi \u00e7alars\u0131n’ der ve Ermeni\u2019yi d\u00f6ver; T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt ses \u00e7\u0131karmaz. Ermeni\u2019nin i\u015fini bitirdikten sonra bah\u00e7e sahibi K\u00fcrt\u2019e d\u00f6ner: ‘Hadi bu benimle ayn\u0131 milletten. Sana ne oluyor?’. K\u00fcrt de bir araba dayak yer. En sonunda s\u0131ra T\u00fcrk\u2019e gelir: ‘Sen benle ayn\u0131 millettensin, bunlara uymaya utanm\u0131yor musun?’ O da dayaktan nasibini al\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fc, eli y\u00fcz\u00fc yaral\u0131 bah\u00e7eden \u00e7\u0131karken K\u00fcrt sormu\u015f: ‘Bu adam \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc birden nas\u0131l b\u00f6yle d\u00f6vebildi?’ T\u00fcrk cevap vermi\u015f: ‘Biz en ba\u015fta Ermeni\u2019yi d\u00f6vd\u00fcrtmeyecektik!’ “<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Mete Tun\u00e7ay’\u0131n \u0130lk Bask\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Kaleme Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tan\u0131t\u0131m Yaz\u0131s\u0131<\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiyeli tro\u00e7kistlerin Antikapitalist yay\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda,Cem Uzun\u2019un Kemalizm Sol De\u011fil [dir] ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir inceleme kitab\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde bu \u00fclkedeki burjuva devriminin 1919\u2019da de\u011fil, 1908\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten yazar, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019nin bir \u201ckurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131\u201d de\u011fil, \u201cemperyalist i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 bir savunma sava\u015f\u0131\u201d oldu\u011fu saptamas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor. Bu sava\u015f\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, yaln\u0131zca yerli halk\u0131n direni\u015fe verdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 deste\u011fin de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyadaki emperyalizm-kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketlerin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor: Britanya\u2019daki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve Hindistan gibi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerindeki halk\u0131n ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye ile do\u011frudan sava\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi; Yunanistan\u2019daki sava\u015f-kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 sol hareket, Yunan ordusunu zay\u0131flatt\u0131; Bol\u015fevik Rusya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye b\u00fcy\u00fck asker\u00ee yard\u0131m yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Cem Uzun\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6nemindeki \u00e7e\u015fitli (T\u00fcrk, Rum, Ermeni, Yahudi vb.) Osmanl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fik i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi, insanlar\u0131 b\u00f6lmek yerine birle\u015ftirmeyi, yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya de\u011fil a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru m\u00fccadele etmek yoluyla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi simgeleyen yak\u0131n tarihimizin en \u00f6nemli kal\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Oysa, Kemalist resm\u00ee tarih, b\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 tap\u0131 konusu haline getirilen bir tek-adam\u0131n eseri olarak sunmaktad\u0131r. Etkileri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de s\u00fcregelen bu efsanelerin s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gereklidir.<\/p>\n

Kitap \u201cDevrim ve Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan olgusal a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmle daha \u00e7ok yoruma dayanan \u201cT\u00fcrk Devrimi ve Fikirler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ikinci bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fuyor. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u201c1906-9 Devrimi\u201d, \u201c1909-18 Kapitalist Devletin Geli\u015fimi\u201d ve \u201c1918-23 \u0130\u015fgal ve Direni\u015f\u201d altb\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak i\u015flenmi\u015f. Ayn\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bunlardan sonra, \u201c1923-31 Tek-Parti \u0130ktidar\u0131n\u0131n Kurulu\u015fu\u201d, \u201c1931\u2019den G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Kemalizm\u201d ve \u201cAlternatif M\u00fccadelenin \u0130\u00e7inden\u201d altb\u00f6l\u00fcmleri var. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmdeyse \u201cAksayan S\u00fcrekli Devrim\u201d, \u201cBonapartizm\u201d ve \u201cYukar\u0131dan Devrim\u201d gibi kavramlar, T\u00fcrkiye deneyimi ba\u011flam\u0131nda ve kuramsal bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n en ilgin\u00e7 yan\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve \u0130ngilizce kaynaklar\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, bizim tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131m\u0131zda hemen hi\u00e7 yararlan\u0131lamayan Yunanca kaynaklar\u0131 da kullanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Avram Benaroya\u2019n\u0131n Sel\u00e2nik Sosyalist Federasyonu ve Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele s\u0131ras\u0131nda Yunan Kom\u00fcnistlerinin etkinlikleri konular\u0131nda bu yay\u0131nlardan aktar\u0131lan bilgiler, T\u00fcrk okuyucu i\u00e7in yeni ve \u00f6nemli. \u00d6rne\u011fin, s. 139-40\u2019taki bir al\u0131nt\u0131:<\/p>\n

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[Kom\u00fcnist] asker h\u00fccreleri, demiryol grevcilerinin cepheye g\u00f6nderilmesiyle g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. 21 \u015eubat 1922 grevinden sonra, Ba\u015fbakan Gounaris b\u00fct\u00fcn grevcilerin 23 \u015eubat 1922\u2019deki kitlesel toplant\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda tutuklanmas\u0131 emrini verdi. Tutuklananlar\u0131n hepsi ceza olarak cepheye g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n

Cephede (Pouliopoulos grubu) \u201cK\u0131z\u0131l Muhaf\u0131z\u201d gazetesini yay\u0131ml\u0131yordu. \u0130lk say\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra baz\u0131 gruplar tutukland\u0131. Asker\u00ee hapishanede ge\u00e7irdikleri birka\u00e7 aydan sonra da farkl\u0131 birliklere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131lar. Sel\u00e2nik\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan \u201cI foni tou ergati\u201d (\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Sesi) ve Atina\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan \u201cRizos pastis\u201d (Radikal) adl\u0131 parti gazeteleri kom\u00fcnist h\u00fccreler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yordu\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Cephenin \u00e7\u00f6kmesinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce 25 asker sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 faaliyetlerinden dolay\u0131 tutukland\u0131. Pouliopoulos, Oikonomou ve Stavridis bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u0130zmir yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Bornova hapishanesinde tutuldular. Vatana ihanetten asker\u00ee mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacaklard\u0131. Ancak cephenin \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle birlikte 25 asker serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 ve ordunun geri kalan\u0131yla Atina\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fcler.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

(CHP milletvekili Kemal Anadol\u2019un ge\u00e7en y\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kan B\u00fcy\u00fck Ayr\u0131l\u0131k adl\u0131 belgesel roman\u0131nda g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131lan, yazar\u0131n Yunanl\u0131 dostlar\u0131ndan sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tak\u0131m kaynaklar da ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda bilgiler i\u00e7ermekteydi.)<\/p>\n

Meslekten tarih\u00e7i olmayan okuyucular, elbette daha \u00e7ok bu kitab\u0131n yorum ve yarg\u0131lar\u0131yla ilgileneceklerdir. Siyasetteki \u201csol\u201d kavram\u0131, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz g\u00f6recelidir. Bir \u00f6\u011freti, bir ikincinin sa\u011f\u0131nda ve bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcn\u00fcn solunda say\u0131labilir. Kemalizm, diyelim, Alman Nazizmine g\u00f6re soldad\u0131r. Ama Sol\u2019un bir de sosyalizm-kom\u00fcnizm-anar\u015fizmi kapsayan ve oransal olmayan, belirli anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kemalizmin bu anlamda Sol bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, hatta sosyal demokrasiyle herhangi bir ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, bu apa\u00e7\u0131k ger\u00e7e\u011fi CHP-DSP-T\u00fcrksolu-ADD gibi uzla\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u00e7evrelere kabul ettirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor.<\/p>\n

NOT:<\/strong><\/span> Kitap\u00e7\u0131n\u0131zda bulamazsan\u0131z l\u00fctfen bize yaz\u0131n<\/a>..<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yalanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karamayan, yayg\u0131nca kabul g\u00f6ren fikirlerle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fsa da, ilk ve \u00f6ncelikli olarak \u015foke etse de ger\u00e7e\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klayamayan bir halk ne tiranl\u0131ktan ne yoksulluktan ne s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcden ne de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1108,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[550,56,41,49,50,25,133,114,77,549,12,86,8,7,6,13,14,11,19,21,28,22,57,9,24],"class_list":["post-1105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kitaplar","tag-3-enternasyonel","tag-akp","tag-chris-stephenson","tag-darbe","tag-devrim","tag-enternasyonel","tag-isci-sinifi","tag-islami-hareket","tag-kemalizm","tag-kemalizm-sol-degil","tag-komunizm","tag-kurt-sorunu","tag-lenin","tag-marksizm","tag-marx","tag-marx21","tag-rus-devrimi","tag-sosyalizm","tag-sovyet","tag-stalin","tag-stalinist","tag-stalinizm","tag-tayyip","tag-trocki","tag-trockist"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1105"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1105\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1638,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1105\/revisions\/1638"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}