{"id":223,"date":"2014-03-30T01:01:32","date_gmt":"2014-03-29T23:01:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/marx-21.net\/?page_id=223"},"modified":"2014-03-30T16:49:14","modified_gmt":"2014-03-30T13:49:14","slug":"onsoz","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/?page_id=223","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6ns\u00f6z"},"content":{"rendered":"
Chris Stephenson<\/em><\/strong><\/pre>\n
“K\u00fcreselle\u015fme” kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, patronlar\u0131n haklar\u0131m\u0131za ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131m\u0131za y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu bir anahtar ar\u00adg\u00fcman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. S\u00f6ylediklerine g\u00f6re k\u00fcresel rekabet, \u00fccretlerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sosyal haklar\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ve direnilmez k\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Ama \u015fimdi bu kavram giderek artan bir \u015fekilde k\u00fcresel direni\u015fin simgesidir. Ve bu durum k\u00fcresel sol i\u00e7in yeni f\u0131rsatlar ve yeni problemler ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n
Francis Fukuyama, Do\u011fu Avrupa rejimleri 1989’da y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda “tarihin so\u00adnu” geldi\u011fini deklere etmi\u015fti. Demokratik kapitalizmin istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u00fcn\u00adyada egemen olaca\u011f\u0131 tezi, hemen ard\u0131ndan Ortado\u011fu’da ve Avrupa’n\u0131n kalbi eski Yugoslavya’da ya\u015fanan kanl\u0131 sava\u015flarla \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. Milenyumun ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda, ye\u00adni ve istikrarl\u0131 bir kapitalist b\u00fcy\u00fcme modelinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015fti. Ancak Karl Marx’\u0131n Kapital’in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cildinde ifade etti\u011fi gibi “tam \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f arifesinde i\u015fler hep \u00e7ok iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr”. 2007-8’de ba\u015flayan mali kriz Marx’\u0131n fikirlerini tekrar teyit et\u00admi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
Sosyalizm fikrini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan ger\u00e7eklik kapitalist sistemin krize girme e\u00ad\u011filimidir -m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ancak ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz de\u011fil. Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto’da Karl Marx ve Freidrich Engels her zaman ba\u015fka bir alternatif oldu\u011funa \u00f6nemle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor\u00adlar – “\u00e7at\u0131\u015fan s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131”.<\/p>\n
Kapitalizm insanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan istikrarl\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir sis\u00adtem olsayd\u0131, e\u015fitsiz de olmaya devam etse, rejimin y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in kitlesel bir destek bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazd\u0131. Kapitalizmin uzun s\u00fcren b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6nemleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda, emek hareketinin reformizm taraf\u0131ndan belirlenme e\u011filiminde oldu. Ancak kriz\u00adler s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan m\u00fccadelelerin geli\u015fme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla birlikte, milliyet\u00e7ilik ve fa\u015fizmin ya da her ikisinin de y\u00fckseli\u015fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Direni\u015f \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli politik bi\u00e7imler alabilir. Kriz kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin pasiflikten kurtulma yolu \u00fczerinde ilk politik durak genellikle bir t\u00fcr reformizmdir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sol yok ise ayaklanma din\u00adsel bile olsa kendi ifadesini bulur.<\/p>\n
Engels’in saf bir devrim g\u00f6rmek isteyenleri uyard\u0131: b\u00f6yle bir \u015feyi asla g\u00f6re\u00admeyeceklerini yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya kapitalizmi bir kriz d\u00f6nemine girmi\u015f durumda ve bunun uzun s\u00fcre\u00adcek bir kriz oldu\u011fu da kesin. Y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131flar kendi sistem krizlerinin maliyetini i\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00f6detmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta kararl\u0131, ancak nas\u0131l yapacaklar\u0131 konusunda emin de\u00ad\u011filler. “Tasarruf” etiketiyle yap\u0131lmakta olan sald\u0131r\u0131lar D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, IMF ve di\u00ad\u011fer kurumlar\u0131n daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc liderlerini bile kayg\u0131land\u0131rm\u0131\u015f durumda. Talepte ya\u015fanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve kemer s\u0131kma politikalar\u0131 d\u00fcnya ekonomisini daha da fazla da\u00adraltacakt\u0131r. \u00d6nerilen \u00f6nlemlerde ya\u015fanan me\u015fruluk krizi direni\u015fimize me\u015fruluk sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya Marx ve Engels’in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyadan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131. Marx kapi\u00adtalizmin k\u00fcreselle\u015fme e\u011filimini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, ancak bu deneyimi ya\u015famad\u0131. \u0130n\u00adsanl\u0131k tarihinde ilk defa d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 \u015fehirlerde ya\u015f\u0131yor. Amerika’da, Avrupa’da ya da Ortado\u011fu’da, m\u00fccadele as\u0131l olarak \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fa\u00adn\u0131yor. \u015eimdi, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada m\u00fccadelelerin birbiriyle olan ili\u015fkisini ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u00adn\u00fc g\u00f6rmek \u00e7ok daha m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00d6nce radyo ve televizyon, sonra internet ile ileti\u015fim teknolojilerinin evrenselle\u015fmesi sayesinde bu etkile\u015fim ger\u00e7ekten hissedebilir ve duyulabilir oldu. Ayn\u0131 saatler i\u00e7inde, Kahire sokaklar\u0131ndaki sloganlar ABD’de Wisconsin eyaletinin ba\u015fkenti Madison parlamento binas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eden i\u015f\u00e7ilerde yank\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulabiliyor.<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u015fgal Et” hareketini ve “%99″u tetikleyen kriz Arap Bahar\u0131’n\u0131 da tetikledi. Tunus, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan neo-liberal politikalar ayaklanmalar\u0131 ate\u015fledi. Ancak her \u015fey ekonomiye ve do\u011frudan maddi \u00e7\u0131karlara in\u00addirgenemez. Arap Bahar’\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerde Arap rejimleri, Bat\u0131 ve Filistin\u00adlilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130srail destek\u00e7ileri uzun s\u00fcredir ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fun merkezindeydi. Ekonomik kriz, bu ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fun ba\u015fkala\u015farak isyana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n
Avrupa ve ABD’de kemer s\u0131kma politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ile Orta Do- \u011fu’da demokrasi m\u00fccadelesi ayn\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00f6neticilerimiz, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ekonomik ya da uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkide, daha az me\u015frulu\u011fa sahip.<\/p>\n
Her y\u00fckselen m\u00fccadele \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli politik sorular ortaya koyuyor. Yunanis\u00adtan’da hem Syriza hem de fa\u015fist Alt\u0131n \u015eafak’\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi, bu kitapta Kostas La- pavitsas’\u0131n makalesinde tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Euro politikalar\u0131 \u00fczerine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler ya\u015fanan bu durumun bir ifadesi. Arap Bahar’\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelere d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahale giri\u015fimle\u00adri ise bu durumun ba\u015fka bir ifadesidir. Her iki durumda da \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve sekterlik, ha\u00adreketi b\u00f6lmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan silahlar. Ancak basit\u00e7e bu ayaklanmalar\u0131n emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7ece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc abart\u00ad<\/p>\n
maktad\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r’da M\u00fcbarek rejiminin yenilgisi Ortado\u011fu’da emperyalizm, ABD ve \u0130srail a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir darbeydi. Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren stratejik bir itti\u00adfak\u0131n yenilgisiydi. M\u00fcbarek’in yerine \u0130slamc\u0131 bir parlamentonun gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi, bu devrimin yenildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Ya\u015fananlar yan\u0131ttan \u00e7ok daha fazla soru \u00fcretiyor. Ve sol yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerine yan\u0131t verecek yetkin bir po\u00adlitik strateji geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi durumda, devrimci hareket a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha olumlu f\u0131r\u00adsatlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Bu kitaptaki makaleler farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullarda geli\u015fen bu sorularla ba\u015f etmeye \u00e7a\u00adl\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye’nin Suriye ile bir sava\u015fa giri\u015fme tehdidinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem\u00adde, Suriye’de ya\u015fanan \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 ve m\u00fcdahaleye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in nedenlerimizi iyi anlamaya ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Tam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yine s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fumuz Yunanistan’daki m\u00fccadele de \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6neme sahip. Bu kitaptaki makale\u00adlerin kemer s\u0131kma politikalar\u0131na, sava\u015fa ya da patronlar\u0131n krizine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccade\u00adlemizde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bedel \u00f6dememesini garantilemek \u00fczere kendi katk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yapmam\u0131z\u0131 ve bu m\u00fccadeleleri uluslararas\u0131 ba\u011flamda yorumlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flaya\u00adcak bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umut ediyoruz.<\/p>\n
Geri d\u00f6n<\/a><\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Chris Stephenson “K\u00fcreselle\u015fme” kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, patronlar\u0131n haklar\u0131m\u0131za ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131m\u0131za y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu bir anahtar ar\u00adg\u00fcman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. S\u00f6ylediklerine g\u00f6re k\u00fcresel rekabet, \u00fccretlerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sosyal haklar\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-223","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=223"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":284,"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/223\/revisions\/284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marx-21.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}